Antigenic and genomic relation between human influenza viruses that circulated in Argentina in the period 1995-1999 and the corresponding vaccine components.

BACKGROUND: The analysis of epidemic influenza virus has been focused on antigenic and genomic characterization of the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein in order to detect new variants for the recommendation of the vaccine strains in each season. Since October 1998, WHO organized a second meeting to evaluate the vaccine formula for the southern hemisphere. OBJECTIVES: (a) Present the antigenic and genomic characterization of influenza strains obtained from the Argentina surveillance network, (b) compare between strains collected in Argentina and other countries with the vaccine formula strains used in each season. STUDY DESIGN: Influenza strains were collected during a 5-year period (1995-1999). Initially, laboratory diagnosis was done by immunofluorescence (IF) assay on clinical samples, followed by viral isolation in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The isolates were characterized antigenically by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay with post-infection ferret antisera. The genomic characterization consisted on RT-PCR followed by sequencing of the HA1 portion of the HA gene. The comparison between reference and circulating strains was analyzed by the construction of phylogenetic trees. RESULTS: The H3N2 circulating strains matched the corresponding vaccine component only in 1999, the first year when a vaccine recommended specifically for the southern hemisphere was used. Besides, H1N1 circulating strains matched the corresponding vaccine component only in 1998. Regarding to influenza B, only in 1995, the circulating strains showed no match to the B vaccine component. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed the usefulness of an intensified influenza laboratory surveillance to access the correct vaccine and the importance of having the necessary tools to characterize the circulating strains.     

Methylation profiling of benign and malignant breast lesions and its application to cytopathology.

Methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been implicated in breast cancer development. However, methylation profiles of different breast lesions, subtypes of carcinoma in particular, have not been examined in detail. In this study, we use methylation-specific PCR (MSP) to generate gene methylation profiles of different breast lesions and to test the clinical utility of such profiles. We examined the methylation status of three genes, RARbeta2, RASSF1A, and cyclin D2, on 102 samples of breast tissue, from benign (n = 36), to in situ carcinoma (n = 21), to invasive carcinoma (n = 45). We found that almost all cases of invasive carcinoma (96%) contained at least one methylated gene from our panel, whereas gene methylation was less common among benign lesions (42%) and in situ carcinoma (76%). Of the three genes, cyclin D2 methylation was most specific for malignancy because only 1 of 35 benign cases was methylated at this gene (1 case was not informative). The major histologic subtypes of invasive carcinoma show similar methylation profiles in the genes examined. We next performed MSP analysis on archival breast fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy samples and corresponding surgical biopsy specimens and found a high concordance between the two types of specimens. We then analyzed 17 breast FNA biopsy samples with an indeterminate diagnosis. In this setting, MSP had a high specificity (100%) and modest sensitivity (67%) for identifying malignancy.     

内骨架一体化小腿假肢的生物力学研究

一体化假肢是以聚合物为材料从接受腔到假腿一体成型的新型下肢假肢，它比传统型假肢更经济、美观、轻便，具有较大的应用前景。目前的相关研究主要集中在设计与制作及少量的临床研究方面。由于一体化假肢与传统型假肢在结构上的差异，有必要对其进行应力分析。本研究的目的是开展内骨架一体化假肢的生物力学研究，本研究基于内骨架一体化小腿假肢的真实几何构型，建立三维有限元模型，计算该模型在模拟Heel OH步态时相的载荷作用下的应力分布；在保持该模型的几何形状不变的情况下，建立了三个不同壁面厚度的一体化小腿假肢的有限元模型，分析壁面厚度对一体化小腿假肢应力分布的影响；通过分别赋予模型四种不同高分子聚合物的材料力学特性值，分析不同材料的一体化假肢的应力分布特点；分别对模型施加与正常步态的五个典型时相对应的载荷，分析一体化小腿假肢在各步态时相的应力分布特点。本研究结果对一体化假肢设计有指导价值。     

42例晚期糖尿病肾病的血液透析治疗

目的:探索出晚期糖尿病肾病患者在血液透析过程中,如何减少并发症,提高对并发症的疗效,延长存活寿命,提高生活质量.方法:除应用一般性碳酸盐透析外,采用不同透析技术,重点对充血性心力衰竭、心包炎、高血压、低血压、贫血以及胰岛素的使用提出了特殊治疗方案.结果:经采取不同透析技术,提高了对并发症的疗效,提高了病人生活质量,降低了死亡率.结论:对晚期糖尿病肾病患者,尽量做到早透析,透析个体化,根据病情采取不同治疗方案,这是减少并发症提高存活率的关键.     

应用MALDI-TOF MS快速鉴定blaKPC-2基因型肺炎克雷伯菌

 目的 探讨基质辅助激光解析/电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)对携带bla_KPC-2基因型肺炎克雷伯菌的快速鉴定能力。方法 收集2018年9月-2020年11月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院临床住院患者分离的肺炎克雷伯菌,采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法筛选携带bla_KPC-2基因型肺炎克雷伯菌。MALDI-TOF MS鉴定菌株并收集携带bla_KPC-2基因型和碳青霉烯类敏感肺炎克雷伯菌(CSKP)的质谱图,各自选取其中70株菌株图谱,建立携带bla_KPC-2基因型和CSKP的超级图库(Super-Spectra)。采用超级图库鉴定除建库以外的肺炎克雷伯菌,根据耐药表型和PCR结果,判断鉴定结果是否准确。结果 共收集295株肺炎克雷伯菌,经耐药表型筛选耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)143株和CSKP 152株。CRKP中鉴定出140株携带碳青霉烯酶基因(134株检出bla_KPC-2基因,3株检出bla_KPC-18基因,2株检出bla_NDM-1基因,1株检出bla_IMP基因),3株不携带碳青霉烯酶基因;其中2株同时检出bla_KPC-2基因和bla_NDM-1基因。根据建库要求,建立携带bla_KPC-2基因型和CSKP的超级图库(Super-Spectra);设置error值<0.5,二者重合率达80%;对比图发现,4 154.4、8 310.7、10 880.8、3 579、10 079.3 m/z五个峰可作为区分携带bla_KPC-2基因肺炎克雷伯菌和CSKP的特征峰。选取除建库以外的155株肺炎克雷伯菌进行验证,准确率为92.90%(144/155);其中携带bla_KPC-2基因肺炎克雷伯菌准确率为94.52%(69/73),CSKP准确率为91.46%(75/82)。结论 通过MALDI-TOF MS建立Super-Spectra,可快速预测bla_KPC-2基因型肺炎克雷伯菌,为临床CRKP感染的诊疗及医院感染防控提供可靠的实验室依据。     

三维测量技术在骨性Ⅲ类错颌双颌术后复发研究中的应用

目的探讨三维测量方法应用于骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者正颌术后颌骨稳定性研究的可行性,分析术后颌骨的复发情况及其影响因素。方法以2019年7至12月于南京大学医学院附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科行双颌手术的骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者为研究对象,患者均行上颌Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术+双侧下颌矢状劈开术。收集患者术前1周(T0)、术后3 d(T1)、术后6~12个月(T2)螺旋CT数据,使用3D Slicer建模并导入Geomagic Qualify拟合配准、测量上、下颌骨各标志点三维移动距离。对T1、T2期各标志点坐标值行配对t检验或Wilcoxon符号秩和检验,并对有明显复发的标志点之间行Pearson相关性分析,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共纳入15例患者,其中男5例,女10例,年龄18~25岁,平均21.3岁。T1与T2期各标志点水平向坐标值比较,仅在右下颌角点差异有统计学意义,T1期为(-50.47±4.44) mm,T2期为(-50.06±4.66) mm(t=2.948,P=0.011)。T1与T2期各标志点前后向坐标值比较,上颌骨上牙槽座点、左、右梨状孔点、左、右骨折线中点差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),复发率分别为37.7 %(1.36/3.61)、35.7%(1.15/3.22)、25.4%(0.84/3.31)、26.9%(0.84/3.12)、14.0%(0.41/2.92);下颌骨下牙槽座点、颏前点、颏顶点、颏下点、左、右下颌角点差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),复发率分别为36.9%(1.75/4.74)、53.9%(2.45/4.55)、55.5%(2.72/4.90)、61.7%(2.90/4.70)、85.3%(2.20/2.58)、93.4%(2.40/2.57);复发距离与移动距离均显著相关(r值为0.572~0.736,P < 0.05)。T1、T2期垂直向各标志点坐标值比较,上颌骨垂直向差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);下颌骨下牙槽座点、颏前点、颏顶点、颏下点差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),T2期较T1期发生明显的逆时针旋转。结论三维测量方法可准确反映骨性Ⅲ类错颌畸形患者双颌术后颌骨的三维变化,术后上、下颌骨在水平向均无明显复发,在前后向均存在复发,与手术距离显著相关,在垂直向仅下颌骨存在旋转移位。     

How do the Growth and Metabolic Activity of Aquatic fungi Geotrichum Candidum and Aspergillus Niger Respond to Nanoplastics?

In this study, exposure experiments were conducted to assess the effects of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS) and amine-modified polystyrene nanoparticles (APS) at environmental concentrations (1, 10, and 100 µg L^??1) on two fungal species (Geotrichum candidum and Aspergillus niger), isolated from leaf litter in streams, concerning their growth and metabolic activity. Results showed that PS at 1 and 10 µg L^??1 have hormesis effects on G. candidum growth. Compared with G. candidum, A. niger had higher sensitivity to nanoplastic exposure. Besides, the peroxidase and cellobiohydrolase activities of A. niger were significantly inhibited by nanoplastics (except 1 µg L^??1 PS), which would weaken its metabolic activity in carbon cycling. These results provided a new thought on how the growth and functions of aquatic fungi cope with the stress induced by nanoplastics. Overall, the study provided evidence for the different responses of aquatic fungi to nanoplastics in streams.

     

Comfortable suture angle with optimized trocar position aids renorrhaphy during retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

BackgroundThis study investigated a comfortable suture angle (CSA) with optimized trocar position for closing the defect during renorrhaphy in retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). The feasibility, usefulness, and safety of achieving the CSA with modified trocar position were determined for different tumor types.MethodsTwo optimized trocar positions were introduced for different tumor types. A suture angle was based on the tumor plane of the superficial parenchyma defect and the line formed by the needle holder. Preliminary surgical simulations determined a CSA that combined the least suture time with the greatest ease of performance. Achieving the CSA was attempted during renorrhaphy of 106 enrolled patients undergoing retroperitoneal LPN. Patients’ characteristics, operative features, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed.ResultsFor 89 (83.96%) patients, a CSA was successfully reached and parenchyma recovered. The remaining 17 patients were successfully sutured, but the attempt to achieve a CSA failed. For the CSA group, the suture, clamping, and overall operative times were significantly less than that of the non-CSA patients. The groups were similar regarding estimated blood loss, positive surgical margin, and rates of glomerular filtration reduction and complications. Univariable analyses determined that tumor location, growth pattern, and R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (RNS) may influence the success of this approach. Multivariable analyses indicated that only tumor location and RNS were independent factors affecting successful achievement of the CSA.ConclusionsThrough different kidney position changes, the CSA could be used to ease the suture process. It is feasible and safe to perform a CSA with optimized trocar position during LPN. Tumor location and RNS may influence the approach to get a CSA.     

2016—2020年河南省餐饮单位食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征分析

目的 分析河南省餐饮单位食源性疾病暴发的流行病学特征,提出相关监管建议。方法 收集2016—2020年河南省餐饮类食源性疾病暴发监测数据,采用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行流行病学分析。结果 河南省2016—2020年共报告发生在餐饮单位的食源性疾病暴发事件224起,占同时期全省食源性疾病暴发事件总数的57.44%,发病2577人,占发病总人数的73.37%,死亡1人,占死亡总人数的14.29%。餐饮类暴发事件场所主要集中在宾馆饭店,事件报告数100起,占总事件数的44.64%。在查明原因的事件中,致病菌是引发食源性疾病暴发事件的主要因素,占总事件数的19.64%;加工储存不当引起的事件数量最多,占总事件数的27.33%。结论 建议加强对餐饮单位重点环节和危险因素的监管,建立健全餐饮单位食品安全知识培训制度,加强食品安全监管多部门沟通合作机制。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与冠心病关系的研究

目的探讨Ｎ５－亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（ＭＴＨＦＲ）基因多态性与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的关系。方法利用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）方法，检测了７９名健康人和６９名冠心病患者ＭＴＨＦＲ基因的６７７碱基多态性突变Ｃ→Ｔ情况，并加以对照分析。结果冠心病患者ＭＴＨＦＲ基因突变型Ｖ６７７基因的频率，明显高于健康人，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论提示ＭＴＨＦＲ基因突变型Ｖ６７７基因可能是冠心病的又一个遗传风险因子，为探讨冠心病发病机理提供了新的依据