手法复位加脊柱撑开复位器治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

[目的]探讨手法复位加自制脊柱撑开复位器治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果.[方法]对42例56个椎体,先手法整复结合脊柱牵引复位器复位,再经椎弓根向椎体注入骨水泥,并分析疗效.[结果]VAS由术前的8.6±0.8分降至1.7±0.5分,P<0.05为差异均有显著性意义.术前和术后椎体前壁和中间高度压缩率存在显著性差异(P<0.05).后凸角度恢复率在71.8%.经t检验存在显著性差异(P<0.05)均无骨水泥渗漏.采用WHO标准[2],将疼痛缓解程度分为CR(完全缓解)、PR(部分缓解),MR(轻微有效),NR(无效).36例CR,4例PR,CR+PR为95.24%.[结论]手法复位加脊柱撑开复位器是一种无骨水泥渗漏,能迅速止痛和恢复椎体高度的微创技术.     

荧光示踪法研究逆行岛状皮瓣静脉回流

目的探讨采用荧光示踪法研究逆行岛状皮瓣静脉回流的可行性，并初步观察静脉回流规律。方法20只新西兰大白兔，每只取耳静脉血0．ImL，分离RBC并用FITC标记。流式细胞仪检测已标记的RBC阳性率及荧光强度，倒置荧光显微镜观察其形态。取20只新西兰大白兔，在动物双侧后肢内侧分别建立4cm&#215;3cm隐动、静脉逆行岛状皮瓣模型（n=10）和顺行岛状皮瓣模型（n=10），血管蒂长3cm。将一侧后肢随机设定为实验组，皮瓣制备后注射已标记的RBC悬液5pL；对侧为对照组，不注射示踪剂。实验组按顺行和逆行皮瓣分成两组，即顺行皮瓣组和逆行皮瓣组，每组10个；再根据注入示踪剂途径不同，分为动脉和静脉2个亚组，每亚组5个皮瓣。注射示踪剂5S后取下皮瓣立即冷冻，取连续的3张冰冻切片（5～7pm），其中2张行HE染色和GENMED染色，另]张不染色直接压片，荧光显微镜观察荧光分布。结果流式细胞仪分析FITC标记的RBC阳性率在99％以上，荧光强度均≥10。；倒置荧光显微镜下标记的RBC呈均匀分布的绿色荧光，荧光强度均匀、稳定。冰冻切片显示实验组皮瓣蒂部均出现荧光，对照组未见荧光。顺行岛状皮瓣组荧光主要分布在静脉腔、静脉壁、动脉内膜和外膜；逆行岛状皮瓣组荧光分布在动脉内膜、外膜和静脉壁。结论荧光示踪剂可用于静脉回流研究，顺行岛状皮瓣静脉主要通过静脉腔、静脉壁、动脉内膜和外膜回流；逆行岛状皮瓣静脉主要通过动脉内膜、外膜和静脉壁的“迷宫式途径”回流。     

我国艾滋病健康教育现状分析

分析我国艾滋病健康教育的现状，指出目前艾滋病健康教育方面所存在的问题和不足，并从加大艾滋病健康教育投入、实施综合干预、借鉴国外理论、建立评价指标体系等方面提出优化的方法和途径。     

Interleukin 17-Producing γδT Cells Increased in Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Although it has been known that y8 T cells may play an important role in the immune response to infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the mechanisms by which the T8 T cells participate in the innate and/or acquired immunity to tuberculosis (TB) have not been full elucidated. In the present study, 27 patients with active pulmonary TB and 16 healthy donors (HD) were performed. We found that proportion of IL-17-producing cells among lymphocyte was similar between TB patients and HD, whereas the proportions of γδ T cells in IL-17- producing cells (59.2%) and IL-17-producing cells in γδ T cells (19.4%) in peripheral blood were markedly increased in TB patients when compared to those in HD (43.9% and 7.7%, respectively). In addition, the proportions of IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells in TB patients were obviously lower than that in HD. Upon re-stimulated with M. tb heat-treated antigen (M. tb-HAg) in vitro, fewer IL-17-producing γδ T cells were generated from HD and TB patients, whereas IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells were increased in TB patients compared to that in HD. Our findings in TB patients and healthy human were consistent with other murine investigation that the IL-17- producing γδ T cells were main source of IL-17 in mouse model of BCG infection, suggesting that γδ T cells might be involved in the formation of tubercular granuloma in pulmonary TB patients, but need further identification. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2008;5(3):203-208.     

The changes of the interspace angle after anterior correction and instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients

Background  

In idiopathic scoliosis patients, after anterior spinal fusion and instrumentation, the discs (interspace angle) between the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) and the next caudal vertebra became more wedged. We reviewed these patients and analyzed the changes of the angle.     

Sonographic diagnosis of early recurrence after inguinal herniorrhaphy: Potential pitfalls

Three patients who presented with scrotal swelling within a few days of inguinal herniorrhaphy are reported. Ultrasonography scans performed in these patients all demonstrated features suspicious of recurrence of hernia. One patient underwent surgical exploration, which revealed only a scrotal haematoma without evidence of recurrent hernia. The other two patients were managed conservatively because clinically the swellings were regarded to be more compatible with haematoma. Both patients had subsequent resolution of the scrotal swelling with no clinical evidence of recurrence of hernia on follow‐up. It is concluded that sonographic diagnosis of recurrence of hernia shortly after inguinal herniorrhaphy can occasionally be misleading.     

MR显微成像检测活体阿尔茨海默病转基因小鼠老年斑沉积的效果

目的利用MR显微成像技术研究阿尔茨海默病转基因小鼠老年斑的沉积情况。方法2只17个月龄阿尔茨海默病转基因[V717I]小鼠和2只野生型小鼠，行活体T2WI，然后对照影像定位结果进行组织学切片及免疫组织化学染色。观察T2WI中老年斑的沉积情况以及其与免疫组织化学染色结果的对应关系。结果转基因小鼠T2WI上显示大脑皮层和海马区可见点状低信号，且部分低信号可以和组织学切片所显示的老年斑相对应；野生型小鼠T2WI未见明显的低信号，免疫组织化学染色也未见到染色阳性的斑块。结论MR显微成像技术检测老年斑的沉积是可行的，且可用来特异性地诊断阿尔茨海默病。     

术前预留屈光度对不同年龄LASIK手术患者的影响

目的评价术前预留屈光度对不同年龄LASIK手术患者术后远期疗效和视觉症状的影响,并比较不同年龄近视患者行LASIK手术后的有效性、可预测性和稳定性,并观察术前预留屈光度对术后长期疗效和近距离工作的影响。方法对224例(448只眼)近视LASIK手术患者进行回顾性分析。所有病例按年龄分成3组:Ⅰ组(全矫组)205只眼,年龄18～27岁(21．73±2．65岁);Ⅱ组(预留-0．25 D组)147只眼,年龄28～36岁(32．08±2．66岁);Ⅲ组(预留-0．50 D～- 0．75 D组)96只眼,年龄36～50岁(39．17±2．84岁)。主要观察指标:手术后裸眼视力裸眼远视力、等值球镜屈光度,近距离工作疲劳症状评分主观视觉症状。随访时间≥5年。结果术后裸眼视力裸眼远视力≥1．0的Ⅰ组有172只眼(83．9％),Ⅱ组有121只眼(82．3％),Ⅲ组有69只眼(71．9％),其中Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较差异无显著意义(P>0．05),Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比较差异有显著意义(P<0．05)。术后裸眼远视力≥0．5的Ⅰ组有199只眼(97．2％),Ⅱ组有142只眼(96．6％),Ⅲ组有83眼(86．5％),Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0．05),Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比较差异有显著意义(P<0．05)。术后平均等值球镜屈光度:Ⅰ组(-1．08±0．93)D,Ⅱ组(-1．17±0．96)D,Ⅲ组(-1．40±0．85)D,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较差异无显著意义(P>0．05),Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比较差异均有显著意义(P<0．05)。术后5年残余屈光度在-0．5～+0．5 D之间Ⅰ组有117只眼(57．1％),Ⅱ组有87只眼(59．2％),Ⅲ组有29只眼(30．2％);在-1．00～+1．00 D之间Ⅰ组的有187只眼(91．2％),Ⅱ组分别有138只眼(93．9％),Ⅲ组有69只眼(71．9％)。术后5年近距离工作疲劳症状评分:Ⅰ组2．10±2．11,Ⅱ组3．02±2．38,Ⅲ组5．94±3．46。Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组相比差异无显著意义(P>0．05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组比较差异均有显著意义(P<0．05)。结论对年龄较大特别是近距离用眼多的患者,术前预留一定量的屈光度可减轻其术后疲劳感,合适量的预留屈光度并未对不同年龄的患者术后行LASIK手术后都可获得较好的有效性,可预测性和稳定性产生明显影响。     

乳房聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶取出术的手术配合

对81例患者行乳房内聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶（PAHG）取出术。结果手术均获成功，手术时间1．5～5．5h，平均2．6h。术中出血量90～1080ml，平均645．0ml。住院时间7～15d，平均8．9d。无血肿、感染等并发症，MRI复查PAHG清除率均达95．0％。提出术前加强心理护理并完善术前准备，术中密切监测生命体征和出入量，及时补充血容量，保证手术野照明，充分灌洗手术腔隙，减少PAHG在体内残留等措施是保证手术成功的重要环节。     

钉棒椎弓根系统内固定治疗胸腰段脊椎骨折伴截瘫患者的术后护理

对24例胸腰段脊椎骨折伴截瘫患者实施钉棒椎弓根系统内固定治疗。结果患者均顺利完成手术,神经功能均较术前恢复1～2级。提出术后做好呼吸道、切口引流管、疼痛护理及并发症的预防和康复锻炼,是提高手术效果,促进患者康复的重要保证。