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131.
Hydrophilic graft copolymers of polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA) were extruded into tubular form. These materials increase both external and internal diameters by 60% on contact with water. The tubes were used as ureteric stents in an experimental study and were superior to silicone stents of the same calibre in the limitation of urinary extravasation. Histological, cytotoxic and electron microscopic studies showed that PEVA is a biocompatible material suitable for clinical use in urology.  相似文献   
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Antibiotic selection and pharmacokinetics in the critically ill   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
In critically ill patients, a good outcome of an infection episode often requires early institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. The choice of one specific antimicrobial agent or combination of agents over another requires consideration of the nature of the etiologic organism, the host, and the drug(s).  相似文献   
136.
Differences in behaviour and morphology between primary gut lymphomas and primary nodal lymphomas have recently become increasingly apparent. In this article we review the principal clinicopathological types of primary gut lymphomas and suggest an approach to their classification which is in accord with our own experience and, we believe, the recent literature on the subject  相似文献   
137.
Renal disease in the elderly: the role of the renal biopsy   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The causes of renal disease in the young and the elderly vary in their frequency. There are many indications for renal biopsy in older patients, with the nephrotic syndrome (NS) being the most common, followed by acute renal failure. Biopsy does not carry a greater risk for older patients, but there is a greater risk of complications when there is coexistent renal insufficiency. Interpretation of the renal biopsy in elderly patients may be more complex because of changes associated with aging or intercurrent disease--arteriolar sclerosis and global sclerosis. A prospective study is needed to determine the exact prevalence of renal insufficiency, NS, and other renal diseases in noninstitutionalized elderly individuals and to determine the role of renal biopsy in making these determinations.  相似文献   
138.
The sensitivity and specificity of cold air, ultrasonically nebulized distilled water mist (USM), and standard methacholine (MCH) challenges were studied in 21 children with asthma (mean age 11.5 years) and 12 normal children (mean age 14.2 years). The cold air challenge consisted of successive 3-minute periods of hyperventilation during which incremental volumes of subfreezing air (mean temperature -16 degrees C) were inhaled. To perform the USM challenge, subjects inhaled increasingly larger volumes of nebulized distilled water while breathing tidally. The specificity of both nonpharmacologic challenges was found to be 100%, whereas that of MCH was only 83%. The sensitivity of the cold air and USM tests was 57% and 71%, respectively, compared with 95% obtained with MCH challenge. We conclude that cold air and USM challenges are promising alternatives to the MCH challenge, and may be superior to it if optimal standard testing protocols are defined.  相似文献   
139.
Cystic fibrosis: Part 1   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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140.
The cystic fibrosis gene and resting energy expenditure   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
To determine whether the increase in resting energy expenditure in cystic fibrosis is associated with the primary genetic defect (delta F508) or with declining pulmonary function, or both, we tested resting every energy expenditure prospectively in 32 male subjects (aged 7 to 39 years) who were normally nourished and had good pulmonary function. They were categorized into three genotype groups on the basis of the presence or absence of delta F508 and pancreatic function. Mean resting energy expenditure was 104% of the predicted value and was not associated with genotype. When 29 subjects with normal nutritional status but variable lung function were added to the group, there was a strong correlation between declining pulmonary function and increased resting energy expenditure. We conclude that increased resting energy expenditure in normally nourished boys and men with cystic fibrosis appears to be more closely associated with declining pulmonary function than with genotype.  相似文献   
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