还你自信，面对竞争—谈颌骨畸形的外科治疗

颌骨可以维持面部的外形，同时又可形成千姿百态的表情。但人的颌骨发育如果出现缺陷，造成脸部畸形，这在就业、求职竞争日趋激烈的今天，可能首先就输在起跑线上，失去参与竞争的本钱，患者可能由此而感到自卑、无助，甚至抱怨，严重时会造成心理障碍。颌骨畸形在人群中的发生率为1‰，多见于中学生和大学生。     

Three new asterosaponins from the starfish Culcita novaeguineae and their bioactivity

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active n-BuOH extract of the starfish Culcita novaeguineae resulted in the isolation of three new sulfated steroidal glycosides （asterosaponins） 1, 2 and 3, as active compounds causing morphological abnormality of Pyricularia oryzae mycelia. Compounds 1-3 possess the same pentasaccharide moiety, beta-D-fucopyranosyl-（1→2）-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl- （ 1 → 4 ）-[- beta-D- quinovopyranosyl- （ 1 →2 ） ]-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- （ 1 → 3 ）-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl, linked to C-6 of 3beta-sulfated steroidal aglycones and differ from each other in the side chains.     

Acute infusions of bile salts increase biliary excretion of iron in iron-loaded rats

The mechanisms of biliary excretion of iron are not well known. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of choleresis induced by several agents on biliary iron excretion in iron-loaded rats. Iron overload was obtained with a diet supplemented by 3% iron carbonyl during a 6-week period. Bile was collected with an external bile fistula. Biliary iron concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and hepatic iron concentration was measured by a chemical method. Compared with controls, iron overload resulted in a 14-fold increase in hepatic iron concentration but only a 3.9-fold increase in biliary iron output. In iron-loaded rats, taurocholate infusion caused a 1.8-fold significant increase in biliary iron output. Dehydrocholate, given at the same dose, induced a significant but less pronounced (1.3-fold) increase in biliary iron output in spite of a higher bile flow. Taurochenodeoxycholate, tauroursodeoxycholate, and tauro-7-ketolithocholate induced an increase in biliary iron output similar to that observed with taurocholate. The canalicular bile salt-independent choleretic dihydroxydibutyl ether caused a significant but less pronounced increase in biliary iron output (1.4-fold). These results confirm that in iron-loaded rats biliary iron excretion is increased much less than hepatic iron concentration. They show that in iron loaded rats (a) bile salts can increase biliary iron secretion, and (b) this increase is related in part to choleresis and in part to bile salts themselves. This increase may be related to an interaction of iron with bile salt monomers and/or micelles.     

The regulatory role of interleukin 2-responsive T lymphocytes on early and mature erythroid progenitor proliferation

To analyze the role of T lymphocytes in human erythropoiesis, we evaluated the effect of recombinant interleukin 2 (IL 2) on marrow CFU- E and BFU-E colony formation in vitro. IL 2 resulted in an increase in CFU-E and BFU-E colony numbers in a dose-dependent manner. This increase could be prevented by anti-Tac, a monoclonal antibody to the IL 2 receptor. Moreover, anti-Tac on its own resulted in an overall decrease in colony numbers. Depletion of marrow adherent cells did not alter the effect of either IL 2 or anti-Tac on colony growth. Following the removal of marrow T lymphocytes, CFU-E and BFU-E colony formation proceeded normally; however, the effects of IL 2 and anti-Tac were markedly diminished. Readdition of T lymphocytes to the cultures restored the IL 2 effect. Although T lymphocytes were not themselves essential for in vitro erythropoiesis, our studies suggest that IL 2 and IL 2-responsive T cells can regulate both early and mature stages of erythroid differentiation.     

Beta 3 integrin-mediated fibrin clot retraction by nucleated cells: differing behavior of alpha IIb beta 3 and alpha v beta 3

Fibrin clot retraction may be important in resolution of thrombi and, in platelets, is mediated by integrin alpha IIb beta 3 (GPIIb-IIIa). Nucleated cells that lack alpha IIb beta 3 can retract fibrin clots, and we now report that integrin alpha v beta 3 can support this process. In addition, we compared the capacities of recombinant beta 3 integrins to mediate clot retraction in Chinese hamster ovary and M21 melanoma cells. We found that alpha v beta 3, but not alpha IIb beta 3, could spontaneously support retraction. Transferring the cytoplasmic domain of alpha v to alpha IIb enabled the resulting chimeric alpha IIb beta 3 to support clot retraction. The capacity of the alpha v cytoplasmic domain to support clot retraction was not caused by activation of the ligand binding function of alpha IIb beta 3 or by enhancement of alpha IIb beta 3's capacity to stimulate the formation of focal adhesions or the tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK. These experiments define requirements for alpha IIb beta 3-mediating clot retraction, establish the capacity of alpha v beta 3 to mediate this process, and suggest differing functional roles of the alpha v and alpha IIb cytoplasmic domains.     

HPLC法测定血瘀证兔血清中游离阿魏酸

建立了一个用于测定正常及血瘀证兔血清中游离阿魏酸(FA)浓度的反相高效液相色谱法,此法简便、快速、灵敏而准确。以香豆素为内标,取0.2mlFA的血清,加入含有内标的乙腈沉淀蛋白,上清液挥干,残渣定容于60μl乙腈中。以DuPontZorbox C₁₈为分析柱,流动相为乙腈-0.10mol·L^-1磷酸缓冲液(pH2.5)(3:7v/v),紫外检测波长320nm,最小检出量和平均回收率分别为1ng和97.0±1.8%,血清中FA的线性范围20～800ng·ml^-1(r=0.9986),日内及日间相对标准差均小于7%。本法被用于正常及血瘀证兔体内FA的药代动力学研究。通过本实验发现FA在正常及血瘀证兔体内的药代动力学参数有显著差异,与证治药效学假说基本相符。     

人参叶中的微量新皂甙

前报,从人参Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer叶中得到十二种人参皂甙,其中两种微量新皂甙分别为20(R)-人参皂甙-Rh_2,人参皂甙-Rh_。本文继续报道两个微量成分的分离和鉴定。20(R)-原人参二醇(Ⅰ),甲醇重结晶得无色针晶,mp243～245℃。Liebermann—     

冰冻切片1931例病理诊断分析

０　引言　唐都医院病理科１９９００１～１９９７１２共作外检标本３５５７８例，其中作冰冻诊断１９３１例（占５．４３％）．我们对本组冰冻诊断资料进行回顾性对比分析，重点观察了误诊病例，探讨提高冰冻诊断准确性的措施．１　材料和方法　１９３１例冰冻病例，均为唐都医院外科手术中所送新鲜组织．同一送检组织块可根据病变情况作一处或多处取材，算作１例．如同一病例不同部位组织送检，每一处组织标本算作１例．将所取组织置于恒温冷冻切片机（英国Ｂｒｉｇｈｔ）－２０℃冷冻切片，常规ＨＥ染色、脱水、透明、封片，光镜观察…     

A study of pre-antibiotic bacteriology in 125 patients with necrotizing enterocolitis

Over a five-year period, 125 newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were managed by us. Their mean birthweight was 1700 g and mean maturity was 32 weeks. Before commencement of antibiotics, routine septic work-up was done in order to define the bacterial spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity. The study includes aerobic and anaerobic cultures of gastric and pharyngeal aspirates, blood cultures, umbilical swabs and culture of umbilical catheter tips in relevant cases. Peritoneal swab results were also analyzed if laparotomy was performed. Positive cultures were present in 45 patients (36%) with 55 positive specimens. Fifteen types of organism were isolated: the commonest was Enterobacter (29%), followed by E. coli (14.5%) and Klebsiella (13%). They were resistant to ampicillin and first-generation cephalosporin. These organisms were usually opportunistic pathogens. Overgrowth of them may be the cause of NEC. Regular review of the antibiotic sensitivity of these organisms allows prompt and appropriate choice of antibiotics. At the same time, antibiotic sensitivity for these organisms was analyzed to guide us in the choice of antibiotic therapy.