Quantitative stereological studies of a 'selection' protocol of hepatocarcinogenesis following initiation in neonatal male and female rats

A modified initiation-selection procedure for neonatal male and female rat hepatocarcinogenesis were examined utilizing the methods of quantitative stereology. In this study, diethylnitrosamine (10 mg DEN/kg) was given a few days after birth. At weaning, the rats were fed 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) for 2 weeks with a mitotic stimulus [70% partial hepatectomy (PH)] after 1 week on the diet. Quantitative stereological analyses in conjunction with the use of several enzyme markers were used to determine the number and volume of altered hepatic foci (AHF) detected at 1 week, 3 months and 7 months after the selection procedure. This format resulted in an equivalent number of AHF in male and female rats. The AHF were three times larger in males than in females 1 week after discontinuation of AAF administration. Three months after the selection procedure, the number of AHF had decreased by at least a third and their volume percentage was the same in male and female rats. After 7 months, the number and volume fraction of detectable AHF in females were comparable to those which had been observed at 1 week after selection. In the male, the number but not the volume fraction were similar at 7 months compared with 1 week after selection. Both initiation with DEN and selection with AAF/PH contribute independently to the total population of AHF in male and female rats. At least half of the AHF detected 7 months after the selection protocol were due to DEN administration alone. Rats receiving only the AAF/PH selection exhibited one third of the number of AHF observed with the complete protocol. Administration of a non-necrogenic dose of DEN to neonatal rats when coupled with the AAF/PH selection procedure resulted in a significant promotion of the growth of initiated hepatocytes at 1 week, 3 months or 7 months after the selection procedure. These studies demonstrated that (i) the number of AHF detected after a non-necrogenic dose of DEN during the first week of life with subsequent AAF/PH selection after weaning decreases within the first 3 months after the selection procedure, but can re-develop with a promotion stimulus; (ii) the AAF/PH selection procedure itself may initiate hepatocytes in the absence of DEN administration; (iii) the AAF/PH selection procedure is equally effective with respect to the number of AHF observed after phenobarbital promotion in weaning male and female rats initiated near birth.      

Inhibitory effect of black tea on the growth of established skin tumors in mice: effects on tumor size, apoptosis, mitosis and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into DNA

Female CD-1 mice were initiated with a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and promoted with 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Mice with established papillomas were then treated with black tea or decaffeinated black tea (approximately 4 mg tea solids/ml) as the sole source of drinking fluid for 11-15 weeks. In four separate experiments, oral administration of black tea inhibited the growth of papillomas (increase in tumor volume/mouse) by an average of 35%, 37%, 41% and 48%, respectively. Studies with decaffeinated black tea gave inconsistent results. In one experiment, administration of decaffeinated black tea inhibited papilloma growth (increase in tumor volume/mouse) by 27%, but in two additional experiments papilloma growth was stimulated by 14% and 193%, respectively. In a separate experiment, skin tumors were generated by treating SKH-1 female mice with ultraviolet B light (UVB; 30 mJ/cm2) twice weekly for 22 weeks, after which UVB administration was stopped. Tumors were allowed to develop during the following 13 weeks, and tumor- bearing mice were then treated with black tea (6 mg/ml tea solids) as the drinking fluid for 11 weeks. In this experiment, tumor growth (increase in tumor volume/mouse) was inhibited by 70%. Histological examination revealed that tea-treated mice had a 58% decrease in the number of nonmalignant tumors (primarily keratoacanthomas)/mouse and a 54% decrease in the number of squamous cell carcinomas/mouse. In addition, administration of black tea decreased the volume per tumor by 60% for nonmalignant tumors and by 84% for carcinomas. Mechanistic studies with tumors from these mice revealed that administration of black tea decreased the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index in squamous cell papillomas, keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas by 56%, 45% and 35%, respectively, and the apoptosis index was increased by 44%, 100% and 95%, respectively. Administration of black tea decreased the mitotic index in keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas by 42% and 16%, respectively. The results indicate that oral administration of black tea to tumor-bearing mice inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in nonmalignant and malignant skin tumors.      

肝动脉化疗栓塞术加体外高频热疗治疗原发性肝癌37例

1 对象和方法 1.1 对象 2000-01/2004-12我院共收治住院原发性肝癌患者78(男62,女16)例,年龄32～79岁,中位年龄53岁,随机分为肝动脉化疗栓塞术加体外高频热疗组(综合组n=37),单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞组(TACE, n=41).两组临床指标均无明显差异.     

Ultrasound prediction of fetal lung maturity

Amniocentesis for determination of fetal lung maturity and ultrasonographic (US) evaluation of the biparietal diameter (BPD) and placental grade were performed simultaneously in 261 nondiabetic pregnant women. A BPD of at least 9.3 cm and a grade 3 placenta were evaluated as predictors of fetal lung maturity using amniotic fluid phospholipids as indicators of a mature lung profile. The ability of the sonographic parameters to predict fetal lung maturity was closely related to menstrual age. Before 37 weeks, the false-positive prediction rate using a grade 3 placenta was 100%, and the false-positive prediction using the BPD was 85.6%. After 37 weeks, the false-positive rate using a grade 3 placenta was 5.9%, and the false-positive rate using the BPD was 9.5%. Thus menstrual age, and not these two US parameters, dictated fetal lung maturity. The authors conclude that the best use of US for predicting fetal lung maturity is in establishing menstrual age early in pregnancy.     

Bioactive asterosaponins from the starfish Culcita novaeguineae

Two new sulfated steroidal pentaglycosides （asterosaponins）, novaeguinosides Ⅰ （2） and Ⅱ（3）, along with the known regularoside B （1） were isolated from the starfish Culcita novaeguineae. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR techniques as well as chemical evidence. The new asterosaponins showed marginal in vitro cytotoxicity against two human tumor cell lines.     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后干眼与泪膜的相关性

目的：总结并分析近几年来准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术治疗对泪膜的形态、分泌功能、稳定性及术后引起干眼症等方面的影响。 资料来源：应用计算机检索Medline 1996-01/2006-12关于准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术后对泪膜及术后干眼的文章。检索词“lasik,tear film,dryeye”并限定文章的语言种类为English。同时利用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库2000-01/2006-12的相关文章,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词“准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术,生物学特性,泪膜,干眼”。 资料选择：对资料进行初审,纳入标准：①关于准分子激光的生物学特性,准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术后并发症。②对具体事件的回顾调查研究。排除标准：重复性研究。 资料提炼：共收集到符合上述要求的文献56篇,排除25篇重复性研究。31篇符合纳入标准。 资料综合：准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术后干眼问题是常见的眼表疾病,其原因主要与泪膜稳定性的下降有关。准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术不影响泪膜形态,但多种因素可导致泪膜稳定性下降,术后泪液分泌量减少,从而引起眼部不适,干眼症状。 结论：准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术后对泪膜的影响及其出现的干眼症状已引起医生的重视,其发病机制及治疗措施有待于进一步探讨。     

大鼠肠系膜淋巴微循环在急性微循环障碍时的变化

目的:采用局部滴加肾上腺素造成大鼠肠系膜微循环障碍模型,观察急性微循环障碍时淋巴微循环的变化。方法:实验于2006-04/07在河北北方学院医学院病理生理实验室完成。①实验分组:Wistar雄性大鼠20只,随机分为肾上腺素组和生理盐水组,每组10只。②实验方法:肾上腺素组依次由低浓度向高浓度用微量灌流泵从肠系膜局部滴加给药,给药浓度为0.1,1,10mg/L,速度为15滴/min,,每次给药间隔为30min;生理盐水组,在肾上腺素组的相对应时间肠系膜滴加生理盐水。两组大鼠在滴加后5min进行指标测量。③实验指标:测量急性微循环障碍时大鼠肠系膜淋巴管最大舒张口径、最大收缩口径和静态口径;记录大鼠肠系膜淋巴管收缩频率、收缩期时间、舒张期时间;计算大鼠肠系膜淋巴管收缩活性指数、总收缩活性指数、淋巴动力学指数。结果:20只大鼠均进入结果分析。①肠系膜淋巴管口径:给药前,肾上腺素组与生理盐水组肠系膜淋巴管静态口径、最大收缩口径及最大舒张口径组差异无显著性(P>0.05),肠系膜滴加不同浓度肾上腺素后,淋巴管静态口径、最大舒张口径小于给药前及生理盐水组(P<0.05),而生理盐水组淋巴管口径无明显变化。②肠系膜淋巴管收缩周期:活体淋巴微循环观察可见肠系膜淋巴管呈自主节律性收缩,平均收缩频率为(4.50±1.08)次/min,肠系膜滴加肾上腺素后,淋巴管收缩频率及舒张期时间明显低于给药前及生理盐水组(P<0.05)。③肠系膜淋巴管收缩指数:给药前,肾上腺素组肠系膜淋巴管收缩活性指数、总收缩活性指数、淋巴动力学指数与生理盐水组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。肠系膜滴加不同浓度肾上腺素后,3个收缩性指数明显低于给药前及对照组水平(P<0.05),而滴加生理盐水后,收缩指数无明显变化。结论:急性微循环时大鼠肠系膜淋巴微循环明显障碍。     

丰富环境刺激对缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠脑超微结构改变及神经丝蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察丰富环境刺激对缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠脑超微结构及神经丝蛋白(NF)的影响。方法:实验于2005-03/2006-06在新桥医院中心实验室完成。取7日龄健康SD大鼠52只随机分为3组:①丰富环境干预组:20只,采用Rice法建立缺氧缺血性脑损伤模型,予早期抚触(15min/次,2次/d)和丰富环境(2h/次,1次/d)刺激共28d。②缺氧缺血非干预组:20只,同前造模,造模后不干预。③正常对照组:12只,不造模,不干预。饲养至1月龄时各组随机选10只进行Morris水迷宫测试学习记忆功能;行为学测定后处死大鼠取脑,免疫组织化学方法观察海马神经丝蛋白的染色情况,借助自动图像分析系统对其进行定量分析;利用透射电镜观察海马神经元超微结构、神经丝蛋白及突触情况。结果:52只进入结果分析。①隐匿平台逃避潜伏期(学习能力):缺氧缺血非干预组较正常对照组明显延长[(39.98±7.86),(26.12±4.03)s,P<0.001],丰富环境干预组较缺氧缺血非干预组缩短[(29.06±5.11)s,P<0.01],与正常对照组无差异。②跨越平台次数(记忆能力):缺氧缺血非干预组明显少于正常对照组[(2.13±1.33),(4.91±2.01)次,P<0.001],丰富环境干预组多于缺氧缺血非干预组[(4.45±1.59)次,P<0.01],与正常对照组无差异。③缺氧缺血非干预组左侧与右侧脑组织NF-H积分吸光度值之比值明显小于正常对照组和丰富环境干预组(0.398±0.110,0.975±0.011,0.821±0.138,P<0.01),后2组比较无差异。④超微结构显示缺氧缺血非干预组海马神经细胞固缩改变,线粒体肿胀,神经丝数量减少,排列稀疏,突触数量减少;丰富环境干预组海马神经元和突触无明显异常。结论:早期抚触及丰富环境刺激可以促进缺血缺氧的脑损伤恢复,脑组织神经网络重建及脑的可塑性增加是其可能的机制之一。     

终末期肾脏疾病患者透析治疗的相关因素分析

目的:回顾性分析终末期肾脏疾病透析患者病因、年龄、性别与选择血液透析和全部腹膜透析的关系。方法:收集2003-01/2004-05中南大学湘雅二医院病案统计室、血液净化中心及腹透中心终末期肾脏疾病透析患者资料356例,血液透析患者307例,全部腹膜透析患者49例。血液透析患者采用日本东丽公司,美国百特公司,德国费森-尤斯公司和贝朗公司的血液透析机,采用双醋酸纤维膜、血仿膜和合成膜;空心纤维透析器,透析液为碳酸氢盐透析液,采用肝素(普通肝素或低分子肝素)抗凝,透析时血流量为200～280mL/min,透析液流量为500mL/min,患者透析频率及时间为每周两三次,每次4～4.5h。全部腹膜透析患者采用解剖法置入腹膜透析导管,腹膜透析方法为持续不卧床腹膜透析,腹膜透析外管连接方式为美国百特公司双联系统,腹膜透析液使用含葡萄糖的透析液。分别记录患者姓名、性别、年龄、原发疾病、血尿素氮,肌酐(取患者第一次透析前清晨空腹采血所测数值)、透析的方式等资料,进行统计和分析,分析其病因及其与年龄、性别、透析方式选择的关系。结果:透析患者356例全部进入结果分析。①终末期肾脏疾病透析患者主要病因为慢性肾小球肾炎(52.0%),其次为糖尿病肾病(16.0%),高血压肾病(13.2%),梗阻性肾病(9.0%);男女之比为1.87∶1,平均年龄为(51±16)岁。②腹膜透析患者的平均年龄明显高于血液透析患者[(59±15),(50±16)岁,P<0.05]。86.2%的患者选择血液透析,13.4%选择腹膜透析;糖尿病肾病患者选择腹腹膜透析高于血液透析(P<0.01)。③结缔组织病、慢性肾小球肾炎组患者年龄较小,狼疮平均年龄仅40岁;高血压肾病、糖尿病肾病、梗阻性肾病、痛风、多发性骨髓瘤患者年龄较大,40岁以上患者约95.0%,平均年龄约60岁,与慢性肾炎、狼疮比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:本组患者以中老年为主,男性多见;终末期肾脏疾病透析患者主要病因为慢性肾小球肾炎,其次为糖尿病肾病;糖尿病肾病首选腹膜透析。