SEOM clinical guidelines for the treatment of early breast cancer

The incidence is increasing due to mammographic screening and an ageing population. In some countries the mortality rate has decreased especially in middleaged and younger groups because of improved treatment and possibly earlier detection. However, breast cancer is still the leading cause of cancer-related death in European women. The purpose of this work was to elaborate a Spanish Society of Medical Oncology guideline on pharmacologic interventions for early breast cancer (BC). We have compiled the latest advances in the management of this pathology either in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting, cytostatic and hormonal treatment, so that in a simple way could be useful to oncologist, residents and other related specialties.     

Treatment of osteoarticular infections with clindamycin in adults

The main characteristics of clindamycin are adequate for treatment of osteoarticular infections (OAI): good bone diffusion, broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and oral use.     

雷酚内酯晶体结构的再研究

邓福孝等于1982年从福建产的雷公藤(Tripterygium wilfordu Hook.f.)根皮中分离出雷酚内酯,通过IR,UV,MS和NMR等研究得出其分子式为C_(20)H_(24)O_3,结构式为l式。其后于东防等于1990年报道了从湖北产的雷公藤中分     

Incidence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection in a haemodialysis unit

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis viruses have become one of the main infectious problems in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the incidence of de novo hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a haemodialysis unit and to identify factors currently involved in HCV transmission to haemodialysis patients. METHODS: One hundred and fourteen anti-HCV negative and HCV-RNA negative patients who started long-term haemodialysis were followed for a mean period of 36 months (range 18- 56). Liver tests and anti-HCV were performed at 6-month intervals. Factors that might be implicated in HCV transmission, such as blood transfusions, sexual habits, surgery and other invasive procedures, were recorded. HCV markers were re-examined in transfused blood and the HCV genotype was investigated in seroconverters to anti-HCV and in patients with previous HCV infection who were treated in the vicinity of those who seroconverted. RESULTS: Eight patients (7%) seroconverted to anti-HCV and seven of them became HCV-RNA positive. HCV markers, including HCV-RNA, were negative in the blood transfused to seroconverters. No differences between seroconverters and non- seroconverters. No differences found in other risk factors not directly related to haemodialysis. The investigation of HCV genotype suggested that HCV transmission was not restricted to patients treated in the vicinity of previously HCV infected patients. Occasional failure to observe strict measures of asepsis was detected in the haemodialysis unit and this was the only factor that might be incriminating. CONCLUSIONS: HCV acquisition in patients on haemodialysis is currently not related to blood transfusion, and nosocomial transmission within the haemodialysis unit seems to be the main mechanism of HCV infection. Extremely careful observation of preventive measures seems essential to eradicate HCV transmission in haemodialysis units.      

成体干细胞治疗脑梗死的相关研究进展

目的:就成体干细胞移植治疗脑梗死的研究进展进行综述。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline 1995-01/2006-12和highware 1995-01/2006-12期间干细胞移植和脑梗死关系的文献,检索词“stem cell,transplantation,stroke,therapy”,并限定文章语言种类为英文。同时检索CBMdisc、维普数据库1998-01/2006-05期间的相关文献,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词“干细胞,移植,脑梗死治疗”。资料选择:选取干细胞移植和脑梗死关系的文献进行初审,删除胚胎干细胞和与脑梗死无关的的文章,然后查找余下文献的全文。资料提炼:共检索50篇干细胞移植与脑梗死的相关文献,其中30篇符合要求。排除的20篇中,15篇属于胚胎干细胞研究的内容,5篇属于重复的研究。资料综合:成体干细胞移植治疗脑梗死是一种新的治疗方法,初步的动物研究证明它能改善神经功能缺失症状。但还存在一些问题,如成体干细胞移植的存活时间、安全性、体外培养的最适条件等。其作用机制也有待进一步深入研究。总的来说,成体干细胞来源充足,容易获取,可通过体外培养扩增,可静脉注射,从而避免侵入性的操作即可到达损伤脑的局部,利用自身的成体干细胞进行移植还可以避免移植物抗宿主反应,因此作为“种子”细胞优于的胚胎干细胞,不存在伦理的问题。结论:成体干细胞移植治疗脑梗死还存在一些问题,其作用机制也有待进一步深入研究,其作为“种子”细胞优于胚胎干细胞,不存在伦理的问题,具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

Viral epidemiology and SARS‐CoV‐2 co‐infections with other respiratory viruses during the first COVID‐19 wave in Paris,France

ObjectivesOur work assessed the prevalence of co‐infections in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsAll patients hospitalized in a Parisian hospital during the first wave of COVID‐19 were tested by multiplex PCR if they presented ILI symptoms.ResultsA total of 806 patients (21%) were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, 755 (20%) were positive for other respiratory viruses. Among the SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients, 49 (6%) had viral co‐infections. They presented similar age, symptoms, except for fever (P = .013) and headaches (P = .048), than single SARS‐CoV‐2 infections.ConclusionsSARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients presenting viral co‐infections had similar clinical characteristics and prognosis than patients solely infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.