Changes of procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP) concentrations during healing of mandible fractures treated with biodegradable and titanium fixations

PurposeThe aims of the study were to evaluate procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP) concentrations in blood serum of males in the course of normal healing of mandible fractures, and to determine the correlations between kinetic changes of PIIINP, stages of fracture healing and the applied treatment.Material and MethodsWe collected blood serum samples from 43 male patients aged between 20 and 30 years, treated for mandible fractures. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the type of osteosynthesis used for immobilization of the fragments. Group I (n=10) consisted of patients whose reduced bone fragments were fixed with biodegradable fixations, while group II (n=33) included patients with titanium osteosynthesis devices. The control group (n=25) consisted of healthy males at the same age. PIIINP concentrations were determined with the radioimmunological method (RIA).ResultsWe found a significant increase in PIIINP concentrations in both study groups (I and II) at defined stages of mandible fracture healing. Differences were noticed in the dynamics of the increase depending on the type of applied osteosynthesis devices.ConclusionThe results point to the fact that the injury and/or mandible fracture increase the collagen type III metabolism and its dynamics depends on the type of the used bone fixation.     

Naive and Memory CD4+ T-cells in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Aseptic Meningitis Following Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination and Enteroviral Meningitis

We investigated the distribution of memory (CD45RO⁺) and naive (CD45RA⁺CD62L⁺) CD4⁺ T-cells as well as CD8⁺ T-cells and total T-cells in the CSF of children with aseptic meningitis following measles-mumps-rubella (MMW) vaccination and those with enteroviral meningitis. Flow cytometric analysis of CSF cells was performed in 12 children with MMR vaccine-associated meningitis and 11 children with enteroviral meningitis. Percentages of total T-cells, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cells and monocytes in CSF of patients from the two groups were not significantly different. The majority of CD4⁺ T-cells in the CSF of both patient groups were of memory phenotype. Percentages of CSF naive CD4⁺ T-cells were increased in children with aseptic meningitis following MMR vaccination. Further studies focused on the more detailed immunophenotyping of CSF cells are needed to fully establish the usefulness of flow cytometry in the diagnostic workup of inflammatory CNS diseases in children.     

Oral chronic graft‐versus‐host disease: current pathogenesis,therapy, and research

Optimal management of complex autoimmune diseases requires a multidisciplinary medical team including dentists to care for lesions of the oral cavity. In this review, we discuss the presentation, prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of oral manifestations in chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD), which is a major late complication in patients treated by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We assess current general knowledge of systemic and oral cGVHD and present general treatment recommendations based on literature review and our clinical experience. Additionally, we review areas where the understanding of oral cGVHD could be improved by further research and address tools with which to accomplish the long‐term goal of providing better health and quality of life to patients with cGVHD.     

Amphistome Species in Cattle in South Coast of Caspian Sea

Background

Knowledge about the amphistomid fauna in Iranian domestic ruminants depends on the studies conducted almost 30 years ago. The last situation in cattle is introduced here in the provinces in south coast of Caspian Sea.

Methods

Amphistomid species were collected from cattle at slaughter houses of the provinces Gilan and Mazanderan in 2010. Median sagittal sections were prepared by the conventional method. Species were identified by the histomorphological pecularities of the muscular argans.

Results

Five amphistomid species, Paramphistomum cevri, P. gotoi, Calicophoron calicophorum, Carmyerius spatiosus and Gastrothylax compressus, recovered. Calicophoron calicophorum is a new species for Iran. Criteria used in identification of the species were illustrated.

Conclusion

Iran has a rich amphistomid fauna and mostly under the influence of oriental conditions.     

胆木中两个新生物碱甙的结构研究

从胆木(Nauclea officinalis Pierre ex Pitard)树干中,分得两个新生物碱甙,分别命名为胆木碱庚(nauclecoside)和胆木碱辛(nauclecosidine)。根据它们的理化性质,光谱数据和化学反应,推断胆木碱庚的结构为Ⅰa,胆木碱辛为Ⅱa。并且还得到一已知碱胆木碱壬,鉴定为喜果甙(vincoside laetam,Ⅲ)。     

差示分光光度法测定牛黄类中成药中胆红素的含量

本文利用胆红素溶液在光照下易氧化变色及其吸收光谱发生显著变化的性质,在波长453 nm处,测其光照前后的吸收度差值(△A),△A与胆红素溶液浓度呈线性关系,对含牛黄的中成药(六应丸,六神丸和牛黄消炎丸)中胆红素进行了定量,并对其它组分进行了光照试验,排除了光照对其它组分的影响,从而确定了此法的可行性。     

Acid-base Properties of Terbutaline in Terms of Protonation Macro- and Microconstants

The acid/base chemistry of terbutaline was characterized at the molecular level in terms of protonation macroconstants and microconstants. The macroconstants were measured by potentiometry and calculated by standard evaluation methods. The stepwise macroconstant values were log K₁ = 11·01, log K₂ = 9·89, and log K₃ = 8·57 at 250°C and 0·2 m ionic strength. The microconstants were deduced using the relationships between macro- and microconstants and an appropriate data set of model compounds (resorcinol and phenylephrine). The molecule of terbutaline contains three ionizable functional groups. In the unprotonated form of the molecule, the two identical phenolate groups are slightly more basic than the secondary amino group, whereas the amino basicity significantly exceeds that of the phenolate site, when the other phenol is protonated. This is due to the large phenolate-phenolate intramolecular interaction. The phenolate-phenolate and the phenolate-amino interactivity parameters were found to be ?1·21 and ?0·41 log E units, respectively.     

Small renal cell carcinomas: resolving a diagnostic dilemma

Thirty-nine patients with pathologically proved renal cell carcinomas 3 cm or les in diameter were examined. Results of intravenous urography (n = 30) were true positive in 20 patients and false negative in ten (sensitivity, 67%). Renal ultrasound (US) (n = 29) had true-positive results in 23 patients and false-negative results in six (sensitivity, 79%); computed tomography (CT) (n = 36) had true-positive results in 34 and false-negative results in two (sensitivity, 94%). For selective renal angiography (n = 35%), the results were true positive in 26 and false negative in nine (sensitivity, 74%), with typical hypervascular renal cell carcinomas demonstrated in 17. Finally, the findings of percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy were true positive in one of five patients when US guidance was used (sensitivity, 20%) and in five of eight when CT guidance was used (sensitivity, 62%). Small renal cell carcinomas are more frequently encountered in clinical practice than heretofore realized, and they are best imaged by CT.     

脉冲电流对胰岛素经皮渗透的促进作用

实验结果表明,脉冲电流能有效地提高胰岛素的透皮扩散速率,并随着释放池中胰岛素浓度的递增,透皮扩散速率呈线性增加。同时,胰岛素在pH值偏离等电点的酸性溶液(pH3.6)中透皮速率最高,为324.2±33.4μU/(cm²·h),而在pH值高于等电点的溶液(pH7.4)中其透皮速率降至143.7±27.3μU/(cm²·h),在pH值接近等电点(pH5.3)时,胰岛素的透皮速率最低,为78.4±21.9μU/(cm²·h)。