Late Presentation to Care for HIV Infection in Croatia and the Effect of Interventions During the Croatian Global Fund Project

There are limited data on how HIV prevention interventions affect individuals presenting to care in settings with a low-level HIV epidemic. We examined whether interventions undertaken during the Croatian Global Fund Project in 2004–2006 had an influence on patients entering care. The number of men who have sex with men (MSM) presenting in 2004–2006 (n = 86) was 59% higher than in 2001–2003 (n = 54); in heterosexual patients the increase was 14% (n = 51 in 2001–2003; n = 58 in 2004–2006). MSM presented at a younger age (median 32 years) in 2004–2006 than in 2001–2003 (median 36 years). Late presentation to care was found in 28% of MSM and in 59% of heterosexual patients in 2004–2006. MSM were less frequently late presenters in 2004–2006 compared with 2001–2003 (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.99; P = 0.046). Additional strategies for earlier initiation of care must be developed for MSM and particularly for heterosexual patients.     

Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin or (delta beta)o- thalassemia: three types observed in South-Chinese families

Hematological and hemoglobin composition data, and results from extensive gene mapping, using a battery of restriction enzymes and probes, have been used to distinguish different types of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) (or delta beta-thal) among three Chinese families from the southern part of China. The first (Family Z) is an A gamma-(delta beta)+-HPFH without a detectable deletion and may be the same as, or similar to, that described by Farquhar et al (Am J Hum Genet 35:611, 1983). The second (Family C) resembles a G gamma(A gamma delta beta)o-thalassemia and is characterized by a large deletion of DNA originating 3' to the G gamma globin gene and extending beyond sequences recognized by the pRK28 probe. Data from various digests indicate possible differences in the 3' end of the deletion when compared with data for some other types of G gamma(A gamma delta beta)o- thalassemia, described by Trent et al (Br J Haematol 57:279, 1984). The third (Family Zh) concerns a G gamma A gamma(delta beta)+-HPFH, which is characterized in heterozygotes by a fetal hemoglobin level of 20% to 25% with a G gamma value averaging 60% and by the absence of any DNA deletion detectable by extensive gene mapping analyses. The C----G mutation at position 202 5' to the G gamma globin gene [characteristic for the high G gamma-(delta beta)+-HPFH (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:4894, 1984; Blood 64:1292, 1984)] was absent, but the Xmn I site at position 158 5' to the G gamma globin gene [characteristic for a modest increase in G gamma values and thus and increased G gamma to A gamma ratio (Blood)] was present. No indication has yet been obtained explaining the elevation in both G gamma and A gamma chains; haplotyping showed that the chromosome carrying this G gamma A gamma(delta beta)+ determinant is unusual among the Chinese population.     

灯盏花注射液对慢性低氧大鼠肺脏和心肌自由基损伤指标的影响

目的：探讨灯盏花注射液对慢性低氧大鼠肺脏肌自由基损伤指标的影响。方法：30只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、低氧组、灯盏花组,分别测定动脉血氧分压（PaO2)、心肺组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果：PaO2与心肺组织SOD活性呈显著正相关,与MDA含量呈显著负相关。与低氧组比较,对照组及灯盏花组心肺组织匀浆SOD活性明显升高,MDA含量明显下降。对照组与低氧组之间无显著性差异。结论：慢性低氧大鼠体现人存在氧化抗氧化失衡,灯盏花注射液能够减轻这种失衡。     

国产西洋参与进口西洋参的比较研究——西洋参中挥发油成分的分析

各产地西洋参挥发油含量为0.040～0.097%。西洋参挥发油经色谱—质谱—计算机联用仪分离鉴定出20种化合物。国产西洋参与进口西洋参的挥发油成分和含量相近。     

用压电晶体传感器测定微量安乃近

利用安乃近与碘反应,所产生的压电晶体频移与安乃近浓度成正比,可以测定低至2×10^-7mol/L浓度的安乃近。频移与安乃近浓度符合关系式C(mol/L)=6.85×10^-9△F(Hz)。常见的无机物及氨基酸等不干扰测定。     

Clinical evaluation of a new radiopharmaceutical agent 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3)

In the present clinically oriented study the authors checked the properties of 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3), the new radiopharmaceutical for dynamic scintigraphy of the kidneys, in a group of 30 patients. They positively value particularly the high quality of visualization of the parenchyma and the urinary tract, the pharmacokinetic properties similar to those of 131I-orthoiodhippurate and the capability of representation of the kidneys with their markedly decreased function. They examined the take-up of the pharmaceutical in the liver, which is slightly more marked with the worsening tubular function and partly depends also on the length of the time interval between the preparation and administration of MAG3. No significant changes were found in the clinical and principal laboratory parameters after its administration. In conclusion, the authors point out to advantageous properties of the novel radiopharmaceutical for clinical use in our conditions.     

rhBMP-2 cDNA转染的NIH-3T3细胞和rhBMP-2m对小鼠急性放射损伤的治疗作用

0 引言我们曾报道[1,2]重组人骨形成蛋白-2成熟肽(rhBMP-2m)和rhBMP-2 cDNA转染的NIH-3T3细胞对小鼠急性放射损伤有治疗作用,其机制与它促进放射损伤后骨髓细胞造血功能的恢复有关.     

Intracellular calcium and electrical restitution in mammalian cardiac cells

The role of calcium current and changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) in regulation of action potential duration (APD) during electrical restitution process was studied in mammalian ventricular preparations. Properly timed action potentials were recorded from multicellular preparations and isolated cardiomyocytes using conventional microelectrodes and EGTA-containing patch pipettes. APD increased monotonically in canine and guinea pig ventricular preparations with increasing diastolic interval (DI), while in rabbit papillary muscles the restitution process was biphasic: APD first lengthened, then shortened as the DI increased. When the restitution process was studied in single cardiomyocytes using EGTA-containing patch pipettes, the restitution pattern was similar in the three species studied. Similarly, no difference was observed in the recovery time constant of calcium current (I_Ca-L) measured under these conditions in voltage clamped myocytes. Loading the myocytes with the [Ca²⁺]_i-chelator BAPTA-AM had adverse effects in rabbit and canine cells. In rabbit myocytes steady-state APD lengthened and the late shortening component of restitution was abolished in BAPTA-loaded cells. In canine myocytes BAPTA-load shortened steady-state APD markedly, and during restitution, APD decreased with increasing DI. The late shortening component of restitution, observed in untreated rabbit preparations, was greatly reduced after nifedipine treatment, but remained preserved in the presence of 4-aminopyridine or nicorandil. Beat to beat changes in APD, peak I_Ca-L and [Ca²⁺]_i, measured using the fluorescent dye, Fura-2, were monitored in rabbit ventricular myocytes after a 1-min period of rest. In these cells, the shortening of APD was accompanied by a gradual reduction of the peak I_Ca-L and elevation of diastolic [Ca²⁺]_i during the initial eight post-rest action potentials. It is concluded that elevation of [Ca²⁺]_i shortens, while reduction of [Ca²⁺]_i lengthens APD in rabbit, but not in canine ventricular myocytes. These differences may probably be related to different distributions of [Ca²⁺]_i-dependent ion currents and/or to differences in calcium handling between the two species.     

GM-CSF和rhBMP-2m对小鼠急性放射损伤的治疗作用

0 引言 我们曾报道[1]重组人骨形成蛋白-2成熟肽(rhBMP-2m)对小鼠急性放射损伤有治疗作用,其机理与它促进放射损伤后骨髓细胞造血功能的恢复有关. GM-CSF是公认的造血生长因子,它对放射损伤有较好的治疗作用[2]. 我们旨在比较GM-CSF和rhBMP-2m对小鼠急性放射损伤的治疗效果.