Is there an association between overweight/obesity and dental implant complications? A systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this systematic review was to test the following hypotheses: (1) that there is no difference in implant survival rate between individuals with overweight or obesity and those who are within the ideal weight range; (2) that there are no differences between these groups regarding indicators of peri-implant health. Two independent reviewers performed a literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published up to April 1, 2018. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the risk difference for implant failure and mean difference for marginal bone loss, probing depth, and bleeding on probing. Six studies were selected for review, involving a total of 746 patients with 986 implants: 609 in overweight or obese individuals and 377 in individuals within the ideal weight range. The findings of this systematic review indicate that the first hypothesis should be accepted, since no statistically significant difference in implant survival rate was found between individuals with overweight/obesity and those within the ideal weight range (P = 0.64). The second hypothesis was rejected, as the review indicated a difference in marginal bone loss (P < 0.00001), probing depth (P < 0.00001), and bleeding around dental implants (P < 0.00001).     

Optimal number of implants for complete-arch implant-supported prostheses with a follow-up of at least 5 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Statement of problem

Consensus is lacking regarding the optimal number of implants for supporting complete-arch prostheses with good survival rates and lower prosthetic complications and marginal bone loss.

Clinical outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadrupled hamstring tendon graft and bioabsorbable interference screw fixation

BACKGROUND: To date, there has been no publication of clinical follow-up data on patients who have undergone quadrupled hamstring tendon autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bioabsorbable screw fixation. PURPOSE: To report the results of quadrupled hamstring tendon autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bioabsorbable interference screw fixation. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Sixty-five patients (66 knees) were retrospectively identified by chart review as having undergone quadrupled hamstring tendon autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bioabsorbable interference screw fixation with a minimum 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: Data were collected on 48 knees in 47 patients (73%) at an average 30.2 months (range, 24 to 43) after surgery. Thirty-six patients (37 knees) returned for clinical evaluation (56% return) and subjective follow-up only was obtained in 11 patients (17%). The mean Lysolm knee score was 91 (range, 45 to 98), with a mean of 97 for the uninvolved knee. The mean Tegner activity score was 5.7 (range, 3 to 7). The KT-1000 arthrometer mean side-to-side difference for manual maximum displacement was 2.03 mm (range, -1 to 8). The mean International Knee Documentation Committee knee score was 83 (range, 47 to 100). Patients who underwent associated partial meniscectomy or meniscal repair had significantly lower International Knee Documentation Committee scores than patients without associated procedures (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Quadrupled hamstring tendon autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bioabsorbable interference screw fixation is comparable with other methods of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in terms of patient satisfaction, knee stability, and function.     

Effect of antioxidant supplementation on the auditory threshold in sensorineural hearing loss: a meta-analysis

Introduction

Hearing loss is conceptualized as any impairment of the ability to hear and/or detect speech or environment sounds, regardless of cause, type, or degree. It may occur at different stages of life; during pregnancy or childbirth, in childhood, adulthood or old age. It should be noted that aging is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss followed by noise-induced hearing loss, and both are closely related to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Dietary antioxidant supplementation has been employed as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and/or delay the risks of major human diseases.

Primary caregivers of schizophrenia outpatients: burden and predictor variables

This article explores family burden in relation to relatives' coping strategies and social networks, as well as in relation to the patients' severity of positive and negative symptoms. Data on the severity of symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia [PANSS]), social functioning (Social Functioning Scale [SFS]), caregivers burden (Interview on Objective and Subjective Family Burden or Entrevista de Carga Familiar Objetiva y Subjetiva [ECFOS]), coping skills (Family Coping Questionnaire [FCQ]), and social support (Social Network Questionnaire [SNQ]) were gathered from a randomized sample of 101 Chilean outpatients and their primary caregivers, mostly mothers. Low levels of burden were typically found, with the exception of moderate levels on general concerns for the ill relative. A hierarchical regression analysis with four blocks showed that clinical characteristics, such as higher frequency of relapses, more positive symptoms and lower independence-performance, together with lower self-control attributed to the patient, decrease in social interests, and less affective support, predict burden. The results support the relevance of psychoeducational interventions where families' needs are addressed.     

Ligature of external carotid artery as an optional technique in a patient with von Willebrand disease

The von Willebrand disease (vWD) is a hereditary coagulopathy. There is no gender predilection. Clinically characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding, especially nose bleeding, menorrhagia and bleeding after trauma. This article reports a case of a 52-year-old Caucasian male patient with vWD, who presented with extensive bleeding in the tongue after a lacerating injury caused by accidental biting, and describes some clinical, pathological and treatment aspects of vWD. After repeated attempts to suture the wound and replace clotting factors, a decision was made to perform the ligature of the external carotid artery ipsilateral to the injury. There was favorable resolution of the case, with a good aspect of the scar 2 months after ligation. This case reinforces that it is extremely important to make a thorough review of medical history of all patients, searching for possible bleeding disorders or previous family history.     

Selective 5-HT receptor inhibition of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic activity in the rat dorsal and median raphe

The dorsal (DR) and median (MR) raphe nuclei contain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) cell bodies that give rise to the majority of the ascending 5-HT projections to the forebrain. The DR and MR have differential roles in mediating stress, anxiety and depression. Glutamate and GABA activity sculpt putative 5-HT neuronal firing and 5-HT release in a seemingly differential manner in the MR and DR, yet isolated glutamate and GABA activity within the DR and MR has not been systematically characterized. Visualized whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques were used to record excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (EPSC and IPSC) in 5-HT-containing neurons. There was a regional variation in action potential-dependent (spontaneous) and basal [miniature (m)] glutamate and GABAergic activity. mEPSC activity was greater than mIPSC activity in the DR, whereas in the MR the mIPSC activity was greater. These differences in EPSC and IPSC frequency indicate that glutamatergic and GABAergic input have distinct cytoarchitectures in the DR and MR. 5-HT(1B) receptor activation decreased mEPSC frequency in the DR and the MR, but selectively inhibited mIPSC activity only in the MR. This finding, in concert with its previously described function as an autoreceptor, suggests that 5-HT(1B) receptors influence the ascending 5-HT system through multiple mechanisms. The disparity in organization and integration of glutamatergic and GABAergic input to DR and MR neurons and their regulation by 5-HT(1B) receptors may contribute to the distinction in MR and DR regulation of forebrain regions and their differential function in the aetiology and pharmacological treatment of psychiatric disease states.     

Quality of Life and Hormonal,Biochemical, and Anthropometric Profile Between Olanzapine and Risperidone Users

This cross-sectional study compared quality of life and side effects in 108 users of olanzapine or risperidone suffering schizophrenia and being attended at psychiatric ambulatory services in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Economic, socio-demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal variables were compared. The EuroQoL Five-Dimension Scale (EQ-5D) was used to evaluate quality of life, and side effects were assessed using the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU) Side Effect Rating Scale and the Simpson–Angus Scale. Data were analysed using the χ² test and Student’s t test, with a significance level of 5 %.The household incomes of approximately 80 % of patients were <2.0 minimum wages ($678). Anthropometric variables (waist circumference, hip circumference, weight, waist-to-hip ratio) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were noted among male olanzapine users (all p < 0.05). EQ-5D scores showed that olanzapine use significantly impacted self-help ability (p < 0.001). Risperidone users had a mean quality-adjusted life year value of 1. Mean total Simpson–Angus Scale scores was 0.38 for olanzapine users and 0.11 for risperidone users (p < 0.02). Significant differences in UKU were observed for the following items: asthenia/lassitude/fatigue (higher among olanzapine users, p = 0.02), dystonia (higher among olanzapine users, p = 0.01), tremors (higher among olanzapine users, p = 0.03), gynecomastia (higher among risperidone users, p < 0.02), and ejaculatory dysfunction (higher among risperidone users, p < 0.02). Olanzapine users had impaired quality of life, which can be explained in part by adverse motor, biochemical, and hormonal effects characteristic of metabolic syndrome.