Hemodynamic and cardiac effects of spiraprilat in normal and sodium depleted conscious dogs

The cardiac and hemodynamic effects of 3 doses (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg, iv) of spiraprilat, the diacid active metabolite of the new angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor spirapril, have been investigated and compared to those of saline in chronically implanted conscious dogs at rest. Under a normal sodium diet, spiraprilat, 1 mg/kg, induced significant (at least P less than 0.05) decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP, -11%), total peripheral resistance (TPR, -21%), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP, -15%) and increases in heart rate (HR, +12%) and cardiac output (CO, +16%) whereas dP/dtmax remained unchanged. Spiraprilat-induced tachycardia was not modified by propranolol pre-treatment but was abolished by previous administration of the propranolol-N-methylatropine combination. Spiraprilat, 0.1 mg/kg, did not affect any parameter, but spiraprilat, 0.3 mg/kg, showed intermediate effects. Finally, sodium depletion strongly potentiated spiraprilat effects on MAP, TPR, LVEDP, HR and CO. We conclude that: a), in conscious dogs under normal sodium diet, spiraprilat reduces TPR and MAP through peripheral vasodilating properties; b), spiraprilat-induced tachycardia is mainly related to parasympathetic tone withdrawal, possibly in relation with high and low pressure baroreceptors deactivation; and c), sodium depletion considerably potentiates spiraprilat cardiac and hemodynamic effects.     

白来航笼养蛋鸡胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ限制性片断多态性与骨质疏松症

目的:了解白来航笼养蛋鸡胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ限制性片断多态性与骨质疏松症的关系。方法:实验于2006-01/04在南京农业大学畜禽骨骼研究实验室完成。随机选取83周龄白来航蛋鸡180羽,应用PCR扩增鸡胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ启动子上游7kb处基因片断,用PstⅠ限制性内切酶消化产生限制性片断长度多态性,分析胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ多态性与胫骨、股骨、肱骨骨放射密度及其皮质骨厚度、髓质骨和小梁骨体积、体质量、骨代谢标志物(钙、磷、骨钙素及碱性磷酸酶)、雌二醇等的关系。结果:180羽蛋鸡PP、Pp、pp基因型频率分别为0.0389、0.35、0.611,P、p等位基因频率分别为0.214、0.786。方差分析(ANOVA)显示,pp基因型肱骨骨放射密度及皮质骨厚度显著大于Pp、PP基因型(P<0.05)、pp基因型的胫骨皮质骨厚度极显著大于PP基因型(P<0.01),pp基因型胫骨骨骺骨小梁体积极显著大于Pp、PP基因型(P<0.01)。结论:白来航笼养蛋鸡胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰp等位基因具有一定的骨质指针作用,pp基因型蛋鸡呈现骨质强的优势,提示从分子水平探讨骨质丢失以及对骨质疏松症的基因诊断和抗性基因选育具有一定的意义。     

Assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives

To determine whether subclinical atherosclerosis is increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to healthy individuals, using carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), carotid plaque (CP) presence or flow-mediated dilatation (FMD).

重点中学中学生6307人的抑郁障碍现况调查

目的:了解中学生抑郁障碍的患病情况。方法:在北京、辽宁、安徽3省市各随机取1所重点中学,在同1个月内分别对该校全体非毕业班的在校中学生6307人采用抑郁自评量表进行抑郁障碍的筛查。对筛查结果异常及由班主任提供的筛查结果虽正常但怀疑有情绪问题的学生进行精神科检查,根据ICD-10中F32抑郁发作、抑郁复发和F34.1恶劣心境的诊断标准筛选出抑郁障碍的学生。其中北京市某校参加学生(北京组)3727人;辽宁省某校学生(辽宁组)1637人;安徽省某校高一年级学生943人(安徽组)。结果:发放问卷6307份,收回合格问卷6307份,有效率100%。①在6307人,抑郁自评量表筛查的阳性率为23.50%;诊断为抑郁障碍的学生184例,患病率2.92%(184/6307)。其中北京组89例,辽宁组45例,安徽组50例。男女学生抑郁障碍的发病情况接近,差异无显著性意义(85/3016,99/3291,χ2=0.392,P=0.531)。三所中学高一学生的总检出率以安徽最高(50/943),辽宁次之(32/870),北京最低(25/668),差异无显著性意义(χ2=5.423,P=0.066)。北京组高中学生抑郁障碍患病率与辽宁组接近,差异无显著性意义[3.11%(42/1349),2.75%(45/1647),χ2=0.344,P=0.558]。②北京组中学学生抑郁障碍的总患病率为2.39%。初一学生的总患病率明显低于初二、高一、高二学生,且差异有显著性意义(P=0.001,0.011,0.037)。但各年级中学生抑郁障碍男女性别之间差异均无显著性。③辽宁组中学学生抑郁障碍总检出率为2.75%。高一学生抑郁障碍患病率明显高于高二学生(3.68%,1.84%,χ2=6.016,P=0.0146);各年级男女学生抑郁障碍患病率差异无显著性。④安徽组高一学生抑郁障碍总患病率为5.31%(50/943),男女学生差异无显著性意义(5.20%,5.44%,χ2=0.027,P=0.870)。结论:所调查的重点中学学生中抑郁障碍比较常见,从初二年级开始出现有较明显的增加趋势,男女学生抑郁障碍的患病情况无明显差别。     

Computed tomography-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy in pancreatic tumor diagnosis

AIM: To evaluate the techniques, results, and complications related to computed tomography(CT)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsies of solid pancreatic lesions.METHODS: CT-guided percutaneous biopsies of solid pancreatic lesions performed at a cancer reference center between January 2012 and September 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Biopsy material was collected with a 16-20 G Tru-Core needle(10-15 cm; Angiotech, Vancouver, CA) using a coaxial system and automatic biopsy gun. When direct access to the lesion was not possible, indirect(transgastric or transhepatic) access or hydrodissection and/or pneumodissection maneuvers were used. Characteristics of the patients, lesions, procedures, and histologic results were recorded using a standardized form. RESULTS: A total of 103 procedures included in the study were performed on patients with a mean age of 64.8 year(range: 39-94 year). The mean size of the pancreatic lesions was 45.5 mm(range: 15-195 mm). Most(75/103, 72.8%) procedures were performed via direct access, though hydrodissection and/or pneumodissection were used in 22.2%(23/103) of cases and indirect transhepatic or transgastric access was used in 4.8%(5/103) of cases. Histologic analysis was performed on all biopsies, and diagnoses were conclusive in 98.1%(101/103) of cases, confirming3.9%(4/103) of tumors were benign and 94.2%(97/103) were malignant; results were atypical in 1.9%(2/103) of cases, requiring a repeat biopsy to diagnose a neuroendocrine tumor, and surgical resection to confirm a primary adenocarcinoma. Only mild/moderate complications were observed in 9/103 patients(8.7%),and they were more commonly associated with biopsies of lesions located in the head/uncinate process(n =8), than of those located in the body/tail(n = 1) of the pancreas, but this difference was not significant.CONCLUSION: CT-guided biopsy of a pancreatic lesion is a safe procedure with a high success rate, and is an excellent option for minimally invasive diagnosis.     

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: cellular impairments and their implication for carrier detection

A family in which two male siblings were affected with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) was studied using G-6-PD isoenzymes as an X-linked marker in order to investigate the nature of cellular abnormalities. Isolated peripheral blood cell types from the doubly heterozygous mother of the affected males seemingly failed to express the G-6-PD allele in cis position with the WAS allele while her cultured skin fibroblasts expressed both G-6-PD alleles. Additionally, a histogram analysis of platelet size revealed a single population of abnormally small platelets in the affected propositus, whereas the heterozygous mother had no appreciable small platelet subpopulation. In vitro culture of hemopoietic progenitor cells of the heterozygous mother showed that the majority of progenitor cells did not express the WAS allele. However, a small number of cells expressing the G-6-PD type linked with the WAS allele were detected. The proportion of the latter progenitors was significantly higher among more primitive progenitors (those giving rise to later appearing colonies). This observation suggests that selection against cells expressing the Wiskott-Aldrich defect takes place in the hemopoietic system of the heterozygous female and offers a possible means of carrier detection in some women. Linkage studies in this family revealed one example of probable recombination between the loci for WAS and G-6-PD among three informative subjects, suggesting that these two loci may not be closely linked on the X- chromosome.