普鲁卡因选择性涂丝电极稳定性的研究

涂丝电极的应用已很广泛,但其稳定性差限制了它的进一步推广应用。本文找出普鲁卡因涂丝电极稳定性差的原因,制备了以聚乙烯醇(含盐酸普鲁卡因)为内参的Ag-Agcl丝涂(PVC)膜电极,其稳定性大为提高,并有良好的响应性能。     

Biosynthesis and secretion of factor VII, protein C, protein S, and the Protein C inhibitor from a human hepatoma cell line

Using specific radioimmunoassays, 8 day cultures of Hep G2 cells were shown to contain in their supernatants 16, 74, and 828 ng/mL and in their cell lysates, 8, 55, and 48 ng/2 X 10(8) cells of factor VII, protein C, and protein S, respectively. These proteins and the protein C inhibitor were functionally active, and each of these activities was neutralized by their respective polyclonal antibodies. Although vitamin K had a modest effect, warfarin decreased the activity of secreted factor VII, protein C, and protein S by 50% to 90%. Protein C and protein S antigens were reduced three- to fourfold by warfarin. The protein C inhibitor antigen and activity were unaffected by vitamin K or warfarin treatment. Intrinsic labeling and immunoprecipitation indicated that factor VII, protein S, and the protein C inhibitor were secreted as 52,000, 77,000, and 58,000 molecular weight (mol wt) proteins, respectively. Protein C was secreted as a single-chain protein of about 65,000 mol wt, indicating that all of the vitamin K- dependent proteins are translated and secreted as single-chain molecules. Each of the four proteins studied represented their plasma protein counterparts structurally, functionally, and immunochemically. Thus, all of the known soluble components of the protein C pathway are produced by liver parenchymal cells.     

唐松草新碱水溶液的氧化降解动力学研究

本文研究了唐松草新碱在水溶液中的氧化降解动力学。考查了pH值、离子强度、温度和氧含量的影响,水溶液中的氧化降解速率常数由荧光法测定。结果表明,唐松草新碱在过量氧存在下,其氧化降解反应服从假一级反应动力学方程式,速率常数可由下式表示:其速率常数主要受介质的pH值和氧含量的影响,在pH 7.2条件下没有观测到原盐效应。     

Carriage rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) depend on anatomic location, the number of sites cultured, culture methods, and the distribution of clonotypes

The present study was carried out to determine how active surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) could be improved by the use of enrichment broth and the inclusion of extra-nasal sites with nares cultures. Molecular typing was also performed to identify colonization by single or multiple strains. Surveillance cultures for MRSA were obtained from 650 patients on admission to a medical and surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in Taiwan. MRSA was detected on directly plated vs. broth-enrichment cultures in any site at 10.0% vs. 24.2%, nares 8.2% vs. 17.5%, throat 4.8% vs. 13.4%, axilla 1.2% vs. 9.1%, and perineum 1.8% vs. 9.5%, respectively. Nares cultures alone detected only 81.5% and 72.5% of all colonized patients by direct and broth-enriched cultures, respectively. The molecular typing of 68 isolates from 17 patients revealed that multisite isolates were largely indistinguishable within each patient, but four patients had multiple subtypes and another three patients had different clonotypes. The detection of MRSA carriers was considerably enhanced by broth-enrichment cultures at multiple anatomic sites and simultaneous colonization by multiple strains at different sites can occur. Epidemiological studies are needed to determine the likelihood of subsequent nosocomial infection among colonized patients detected via direct nasal versus broth-enriched cultures from multiple sites.     

Nocardiosis of the lung: chest radiographic findings in 21 cases

Pulmonary manifestations of nocardial infection were present in 21 patients, with microbiologic proof in all and pathologic proof in 12. An analysis of the findings in these patients, combined with a review of previous reports of nocardiosis, suggests several important conclusions for radiologists. First, nocardiosis may occur in otherwise healthy persons but is most common in compromised patients, especially those being treated with anti-inflammatory agents, particularly corticosteroids, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other systemic diseases. As pathologic manifestations are both suppurative and granulomatous, the chest radiographic manifestations are pleomorphic and not specific. Consolidations and large irregular nodules, often cavitary, are most common; nodules, masses, and interstitial patterns also occur. Pleural effusions are quite common, and lymph nodes may be enlarged. Difficulty and slowness of culture growth, along with the lack of a serologic test for nocardiosis, necessitate its inclusion in the differential diagnosis for both compromised and noncompromised patients in whom an apparent pulmonary infection cannot be rapidly diagnosed.     

长期运动对十二指肠黏膜一氧化氮合成和铁贮存的调控效应

目的:观察长期运动对十二指肠黏膜一氧化氮合成和铁贮存的影响及一氧化氮对铁贮存的调节作用。方法:实验于2004-04/09在江苏大学医学院铁代谢研究室完成。①健康雌性SD大鼠40只,随机分为静息组、静息并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组、运动组、运动并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组,每组10只。②静息并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组和运动并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组饮用水中含有一氧化氮抑制剂(1g/L),运动组和运动并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组的大鼠游泳3个月。③3个月后分析各组大鼠血浆铁饱和度,一氧化氮浓度以及十二指肠黏膜一氧化氮含量和非血红素铁含量。结果:实验过程中死亡11只,进入结果分析29只(静息组8只、静息并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组5只、运动组8只、运动并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组8只)。①运动及一氧化氮抑制剂对大鼠血浆铁饱和度和一氧化氮浓度的影响:运动组的血浆铁饱和度低于静息组(P<0.01);运动并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组的血浆铁饱和度低于静息并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组(P<0.05),并且高于运动组(P<0.05)。运动组血浆一氧化氮浓度显著高于静息组(P<0.01);运动并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组的血浆一氧化氮浓度低于运动组(P<0.01),与静息并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组差别不显著(P>0.05)。②运动及一氧化氮抑制剂对大鼠十二指肠黏膜一氧化氮和非血红素铁含量的影响:运动组的十二指肠一氧化氮含量高于静息组(P<0.01);静息并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组的一氧化氮含量低于静息组(P<0.01);运动并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组的一氧化氮含量低于运动组(P<0.01),但高于静息并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组(P<0.01),与静息组差别不显著。与静息组比较,运动组和静息并应用一氧化氮抑制剂组的十二指肠黏膜非血红素铁含量均降低(P<0.05)。结论:静息状态下十二指肠黏膜细胞一氧化氮合成具有较高的紧张性,可能参与维持非血红素铁含量。长期运动可刺激十二指肠黏膜一氧化氮合成,降低铁贮存。但其机制是否涉及运动诱导的一氧化氮的直接作用以及是否参与铁吸收的调节有待于进一步研究。     

Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying metallo-β-lactamase genes in Taiwan

Seventy-two isolates of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) collected through the Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (TSAR) program in 2000 and 2002 were studied for carriage of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), integrase genes, and integrons. Epidemiologic relatedness was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The prevalence of the MBL genes among CRPA was 36.0% (9 of 25) in TSAR II and 17.0% (8/47) in TSAR III, with prevalence in surveyed hospitals being 19.1% (4/21, TSAR II) and 23.1% (6 of 26, TSAR III). The bla_VIM-3 was detected in 15 of the 17 MBL-positive isolates; the remainder possessed bla_VIM-2. The bla_IMP was not evident. Class 1 integron was detected in all MBL-positive isolates; amplicon DNA sequences containing the bla_VIM-3 regions were all identical. All MBL-positive isolates remained susceptible to colistin. Molecular typing revealed a predominant strain that comprised 14 of the isolates among the various surveyed hospitals.     

DIGITAL ISCHAEMIA: AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF DYSBARISM

SUMMARY Dysbaric symptoms following ascent from a scuba dive are due to symptomatic nitrogen or air emboli with clear patterns of associated injury. This case report highlights an unusual presentation of dysbaric injury treated successfully with a prostacyclin analogue.