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621.
This systematic review focuses on definitions of social competence and assessment methods and provides an overview of the main findings in childhood epilepsy. A total of 45 studies drawn from MEDLINE and PsycINFO (1998-2010) and their reference lists met the selection criteria. Social competence was not defined in the studies reviewed. The study samples varied and consisted mostly of school-aged children. The majority of the studies focused on social adjustment and addressed problems in this area. Little is known about other aspects of social competence, namely social skills or social performance. A broader perspective on and definition of the assessment of social competence in children with epilepsy are proposed. More studies of the abilities underlying social competence, such as social and socio-cognitive skills, are needed in order to gain insight into the developmental pathways of social competence and protective factors for later development. 相似文献
622.
Portegijs E Rantanen T Sipilä S Laukkanen P Heikkinen E 《Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports》2007,17(5):473-479
The aim of the study was to determine whether habitual physical activity can compensate for the increased mortality risk among older people with poor muscle strength. Mortality was followed up for 10 years after laboratory examination in 558 community dwelling 75- and 80-year-old men and women. Maximal isometric strength of five muscle groups was measured and tertile cut-off points were used to categorize participants. Participants, who reported moderate physical activity for at least 4 h a week, were categorized as physically active and the others as sedentary. High muscle strength and physical activity both protected from mortality, but their effect was not additive. Within each muscle strength tertile, physically active people had a lower mortality risk than sedentary people, the effect being most pronounced among those with lower strength in all muscle groups. A high level of physical activity may thus compensate for the increased mortality associated with low muscle strength. 相似文献
623.
基本职业卫生服务(BOHS)的目标是预防、控制和管理工作场所产生的或存在的有害因素及有害条件,以及危及劳动者健康安全的风险.有害因素是指工作中或工作场所产生的或存在的、可危及接触者健康的因素或条件.风险是指发生不良健康影响的可能性及其后果.风险评估是指识别、评价对劳动者产生健康影响的可能性和严重程度,并将风险划分出等级,以决定控制和管理的优先顺序. 相似文献
624.
Boetker JP Savolainen M Koradia V Tian F Rades T Müllertz A Cornett C Rantanen J Østergaard J 《Molecular pharmaceutics》2011,8(4):1372-1380
Traditional dissolution testing determines drug release to the bulk, but does not enable an understanding of the events happening close to the surface of a solid or a tablet. UV imaging is a new imaging approach that can be used to study the dissolution behavior of chemical compounds. The UV imaging instrumentation offers recording of absorbance maps with a high spatial and temporal resolution which facilitates the abundant collection of information regarding the evolving solution concentrations. In this study, UV imaging was used to visualize the dissolution behavior of amlodipine besylate (amorphous and dihydrate forms) and amlodipine free base. The dissolution of amlodipine besylate was faster from the amorphous form than from the crystalline forms. The UV imaging investigations suggested that a solvent mediated phase transformation occurred for the amorphous amlodipine besylate and the amlodipine free base samples. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm and probe the changes at the solid surface occurring upon contact with the dissolution media and verified the recrystallization of the amorphous form to the monohydrate. The combination of UV imaging and Raman spectroscopy is an efficient tool to obtain a deeper insight into the early events of the dissolution process. 相似文献
625.
Stenholm S Sainio P Rantanen T Koskinen S Jula A Heliövaara M Aromaa A 《The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences》2007,62(8):859-865
BACKGROUND: Our aim was to study the effects of high body mass index (BMI) and physical impairments in midlife on later life walking limitation. METHODS: Primarily middle-aged persons (aged 32-72 years) with no walking limitation at baseline (n = 840) were followed-up for 22 years as a part of the Mini-Finland Follow-up Survey. Incident walking limitation (walking speed < 1.2 m/s or difficulty in walking 0.5 km) was predicted by measured BMI, handgrip strength, squatting test, and self-reported running difficulties. RESULTS: Twenty-one percent of the participants developed walking limitation. After adjustment for multiple potential confounders, high BMI, low handgrip strength, impaired squatting, and running difficulties were significant predictors of incident walking limitation. The odds ratio (OR) of walking limitation was 4.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-15.74) for squatting difficulties and 2.39 (95% CI, 1.26-4.55) for major running difficulties as compared to participants with no difficulties. The corresponding ORs for handgrip strength and BMI were 0.56 (95% CI, 0.38-0.81) and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.10-1.75) per an increment of 1 standard deviation. For persons in the highest BMI tertile who had two or more physical impairments, the adjusted risk of walking limitation was 4.5 times higher in comparison to normal weight persons with no physical impairments. CONCLUSIONS: In primarily middle-aged persons, BMI and simple tests of physical impairment strongly predicted the development of walking limitation 22 years later. In addition, physical impairments coexisting with high BMI predisposed to later life walking limitation more than high BMI alone. Therefore, increasing physical fitness by physical activity and promoting weight loss in middle age may prevent mobility limitation and subsequent disability in old age. 相似文献
626.
Isojoki I Fröjd S Rantanen P Laukkanen E Närhi P Kaltiala-Heino R 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2008,17(7):397-405
Background Little validation data has so far been published on scoring systems and the literature on prioritization in psychiatry is
especially meagre.
Objective To explore if the priority criteria score for elective specialist level adolescent psychiatric care in Finland is associated
with treatment received and whether the association between the priority criteria scores and treatment given is similar among
different subgroups.
Methods Adolescents currently in treatment contact in three adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics (n = 450) were rated according to the criteria of the priority rating tool for specialist level adolescent psychiatric care
and information about adolescent’s age, sex, diagnosis, and treatments was gathered using a structured form.
Results When sex, age and psychiatric diagnosis were controlled for, the likelihood of receiving specific therapies and medications
was significantly associated with the highest priority scores. Except for very frequent individual therapy, there were no
differences in the probability of receiving any psychosocial treatment or medication between the sexes. Receiving individual
therapy, lengthy treatment contacts and medications were more frequent among older adolescents. The rating tool worked best
among adolescents with affective or anxious disorders and worst among those with conduct disorders.
Conclusion The present study indicates that the structured tool used in Finland, originally modified from a Canadian priority rating
tool for child and adolescent psychiatry, is able to identify adolescents requiring specified, multiple and lengthy treatments,
indicating a need for specialist level services. The scoring system tested is a good candidate for a transparent prioritization
tool for European adolescent psychiatric services. 相似文献
627.
Strachan CJ Rades T Gordon KC Rantanen J 《The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology》2007,59(2):179-192
Raman spectroscopy is experiencing a surge in interest in solid-state pharmaceutical applications. It is rapid, non-destructive, no sample preparation is required and measurements can be made in aqueous environments. It can be used for not only qualitative, but also quantitative, analysis. In this paper, the use of Raman spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical solids is reviewed. The technique has been used for chemical and physical form analysis. Physical form analysis has involved quantification of polymorphism, hydrates, the amorphous form and, recently, protein conformation. Initially, simple powder systems were quantified, although this has since extended to complex pharmaceutical formulations, including tablets, capsules, microspheres and suspensions. Formulations have also been analysed through packaging. The characteristics of the technique make it ideal for process monitoring and it has been used to quantify changes in-situ during processes such as wet granulation and batch crystallisation. The theoretical basis of quantitative Raman spectroscopy, common data analysis approaches, including multivariate analysis, and sources of error in quantitative analysis are also discussed. 相似文献
628.
Feng Wan Adam Bohr Morten Jonas Maltesen Simon Bjerregaard Camilla Foged Jukka Rantanen Mingshi Yang 《Pharmaceutical research》2013,30(4):1065-1076
Purpose
It is imperative to understand the particle formation mechanisms when designing advanced nano/microparticulate drug delivery systems. We investigated how the solvent power and volatility influence the texture and surface chemistry of celecoxib-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles prepared by spray-drying.Methods
Binary mixtures of acetone and methanol at different molar ratios were applied to dissolve celecoxib and PLGA prior to spray-drying. The resulting microparticles were characterized with respect to morphology, texture, surface chemistry, solid state properties and drug release profile. The evaporation profiles of the feed solutions were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).Results
Spherical PLGA microparticles were obtained, irrespectively of the solvent composition. The particle size and surface chemistry were highly dependent on the solvent power of the feed solution. An obvious burst release was observed for the microparticles prepared by the feed solutions with the highest amount of poor solvent for PLGA. TGA analysis revealed distinct drying kinetics for the binary mixtures.Conclusions
The particle formation process is mainly governed by the PLGA precipitation rate, which is solvent-dependent, and the migration rate of celecoxib molecules during drying. The texture and surface chemistry of the spray-dried PLGA microparticles can therefore be tailored by adjusting the solvent composition.629.
Maria Rajecki Taija af Hällström Tanja Hakkarainen Petri Nokisalmi Sampsa Hautaniemi Anni I. Nieminen Mikko Tenhunen Ville Rantanen Reneé A. Desmond Dung‐Tsa Chen Kilian Guse Ulf‐Håkan Stenman Ricardo Gargini Mika Kapanen Juha Klefström Anna Kanerva Sari Pesonen Laura Ahtiainen Akseli Hemminki 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2009,125(10):2441-2449
New treatment approaches are needed for hormone refractory prostate cancer. Oncolytic adenoviruses are promising anti‐cancer agents, and their efficacy can be improved by combining with conventional therapies such as ionizing radiation. The aim of this study was to determine the timing of oncolytic adenovirus treatment with regard to radiation and study the mechanisms of synergy in combination treatment. Prostate cancer cells were infected with oncolytic adenoviruses, irradiated and synergy mechanisms were assessed. In vivo models of combination treatment were tested. Radiation and oncolytic viruses were synergistic when viral infection was scheduled 24 hr after irradiation. Combination of oncolytic adenovirus with radiotherapy significantly increased antitumor efficacy in vivo compared to either agent alone. Microarray analysis showed dysregulated pathways including cell cycle, mTOR and antigen processing pathways. Functional analysis showed that adenoviral infection was accompanied with degradation of proteins involved in DNA break repair. Mre11 was degraded for subsequent inactivation of Chk2‐Thr68 in combination treated cells, while γH2AX‐Ser139 was elevated implicating the persistence of DNA double strand breaks. Increased autophagocytosis was seen in combination treated cells. Combination treatment did not increase apoptosis or virus replication. The results provide evidence of the antitumor efficacy of combining oncolytic adenoviruses with irradiation as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. Further, these findings propose a molecular mechanism that may be important in radiation induced cell death, autophagy and viral cytopathic effect. © 2009 UICC 相似文献