Pin基因启动子-842G/C位点多态性与散发性阿尔茨海默病的关联分析

目的:探讨Pin1基因-842G/C位点多态性与散发性阿尔茨海默病(SAD)遗传易感性的关系。方法:应用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RELP)方法检测46例SAD患者和52名健康老年人的Pin1基因启动子多态性分布特征,并通过比值比(OR)分析基因与SAD之间的关系。结果:Pin1基因启动子多态性(842G/C)与SAD的发病风险不相关,C等位基因与G等位基因的OR=0.90(95%CI=0.37～2.19),而GG基因型与非GG型基因频率在SAD组与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Pin1基因启动子-842G/C位点多态性可能并不是SAD发病的独立遗传危险因素,与SAD的发病无关。     

The spectrum of somatic and germline NF1 mutations in NF1 patients with spinal neurofibromas

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common inherited complex multi-system disorder associated with the growth of various benign and malignant tumors. About 40% of NF1 patients develop spinal tumors, of whom some have familial spinal neurofibromatosis (FSNF), a variant form of NF1 in which patients present with multiple bilateral spinal tumors but have few other clinical features of the disease. We have studied 22 spinal neurofibromas derived from 14 unrelated NF1 patients. Seven of these patients satisfied the diagnostic criteria of NF1 while the remaining seven had only few features of NF1. The latter group defined as FSNF harbored significantly higher number of missense or missense and splice-site germline mutations compared to the group with classical NF1. This is the first study to describe NF1 somatic mutations in spinal neurofibromas. Loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) was identified in 8/22 of the spinal tumors, 75% of LOH observed was found to result from mitotic recombination, suggesting that this may represent a frequent mutational mechanisms in these benign tumors. No evidence for LOH of the TP53 gene was found in these tumors.     

Proliferation and differentiation of reactive nestin＋/GFAP＋ cells in an adult rat model of compression-induced spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that astrocytes may possess similar properties to neural stem cells/neural precursor cells and have the potential to differentiate into neurons. OBJECTIVE： To observe neuroepithelial stem cell protein （nestin） and glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） expression following spinal cord injury, and to explore whether nestin＋/GFAP＋ cells, which are detected at peak levels in gray and white matter around the ependymal region of the central canal in injured spinal cord, possess similar properties of neural stem cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment. The study was performed at the Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases （Xi＇an Jiaotong University）, Ministry of Education between January 2004 and December 2006. MATERIALS： Rabbit anti-rat nestin, β-tubulinⅢ, mouse anti-rat GFAP, galactocerebroside （GaLC） antibodies were utilized, as well as flow cytometry. METHODS： A total of 60 male, Sprague Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, were randomly assigned to control （n = 12） and model （n = 48） groups. The spinal cord injury model was established in the model group by aneurysm clip compression, while the control animals were not treated. The gray and white matter around the ependymal region of the central canal exhibited peak expression of nestin＋/GFAP＋ cells. These cells were harvested and prepared into single cell suspension, followed by primary and passage cultures. The cells were incubated with serum-containing neural stem cell complete medium. MAINOUTCOME MEASURES： Nestin and GFAP expression in injured spinal cord was determined using immunohistochemistry and double-labeled immunofluorescence at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days post-injury. In addition, cell proliferation and differentiation were detected using immunofluorescence cytochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, the model group exhibited significantly increased nestin and GFAP expression （P 〈 0.05）, which reached peak levels between 3 and 7 days. The majority of cells in the ependymal region around the central canal were nestin＋/GFAP- cells, while the gray and white matter around the ependymal region were full of nestin＋/GFAP＋ cells, with an astrocytic-like appearance. A large number of nestin＋/GFAP＋cells were observed in the model group cell culture, and the cells formed clonal spheres and displayed strong nestin-positive immunofluorescence staining. Following induced differentiation, a large number of GaLC-nestin, β-tubulin Ⅲ-nestin, and GFAP-nestin positive cells were observed. However, no obvious changes were seen in the control group. Cells in S stage, as well as the percentage of proliferating cells, in the model group were significantly greater than in the control group （P 〈 0.01）, CONCLUSION： Spinal cord injury in the adult rat induced high expression of nestin＋/GFAP＋ in the gray and white matter around the ependymal region of the central canal. These nestin＋/GFAP＋ cells displayed the potential to self-renew and differentiate into various cells. The cells could be neural stem cells of the central nervous system.     

重组大鼠肝再生增强因子原核表达载体构建及多克隆抗体制备

背景：国外有1篇文献报道了肝再生增强因子在中枢神经系统内的分布与表达。由于关于重组大鼠肝再生增强因子蛋白多克隆抗体制备、鉴定及原核表达载体如何构建的相关文献较少,国内对于其在中枢神经系统的研究目前未见报道。 目的：利用大肠杆菌BL21表达大鼠肝再生增强因子融合蛋白,并制备和鉴定其多克隆抗体。 方法：提取SD大鼠海马组织RNA,构建原核表达重组质粒pET28a-ALR并转化到宿主菌BL21中,经异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷诱导表达目的融合蛋白,经Ni2+亲和层析纯化回收,4次免疫日本大耳白兔后,心脏取血,吸取血清作为多克隆抗体,以ELISA测定抗体血清效价,Western-blotting检测抗体的特异性和亲和性。观察：①原核表达重组质粒pET28a-ALR构建。②pET28a-ALR重组体酶切鉴定。③ELISA及Western-blotting检测结果。 结果与结论：双酶切电泳检测结果显示得到了预期条带,其大小分别为5.3 kb和0.4 kb,经核苷酸序列分析证明成功构建了pET28a-ALR原核表达载体。成功获得分子质量约为19 ku纯化的融合蛋白。ELISA测定显示多克隆抗体效价可达到 1∶2 000,说明抗体与纯化的重组肝再生增强因子蛋白具有良好的反应性,有较高的效价,可满足实验的要求。通过Western-blotting检测证明该抗体可以特异性识别肝再生增强因子蛋白。实验成功地利用原核表达体系表达了肝再生增强因子融合蛋白,并制备、纯化了抗肝再生增强因子蛋白的多克隆抗体,经鉴定能够满足针对肝再生增强因子免疫印迹检测的实验要求。     

Decreased serum BDNF levels in chronic institutionalized schizophrenia on long-term treatment with typical and atypical antipsychotics

Accumulating evidence showed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Decreased BDNF levels have been found in the serum of schizophrenic patients with mixed results. In the present study, we assessed serum BDNF levels in a large group of 364 schizophrenic patients (157 on clozapine, 89 on risperidone and 118 on typical antipsychotics), compared to 323 healthy control subjects matched for age and gender. The schizophrenia symptomatology was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and serum BDNF levels were measured by sandwich ELISA. The results showed that BDNF levels were significantly lower in chronic patients with schizophrenia than in healthy control subjects (9.9 ± 2.0 ng/ml vs.11.9 ± 2.3 ng/ml, p < 0.0001). Lower BDNF levels were observed in patients treated with risperidone (9.3 ± 2.3 ng/ml) compared to those with clozapine (10.2 ± 2.0 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and typical antipsychotics (10.0 ± 2.1 ng/ml, p < 0.01). Furthermore, a stepwise multiple regression analysis identified types of antipsychotic drugs (beta = − 0.37, t = − 3.15, p = 0.001) and BDNF levels (beta = − 0.26, t = − 2.51, p = 0.014) as the influencing factor for the positive symptom subscore of PANSS. In addition, there was a sex difference in BDNF levels in patients with schizophrenia (9.7 ± 1.9 ng/ml for males vs.10.4 ± 2.1 ng/ml for female, p < 0.005), but not in normal controls. Our findings indicated decreased BDNF serum levels in chronic patients with schizophrenia, which may be related to clinical phenotypes, including gender, antipsychotic treatment and the severity of psychotic symptoms.     

去细胞同种异体神经支架种植许旺细胞的体外培养

摘要 背景：前期的研究中分别探讨了使用复合酶消化法及差速贴壁法对许旺细胞培养的影响以及聚氧乙烯辛烷基酚(Triton X-100)制备同种异体神经支架。 目的：通过化学萃取法制备同种异体神经支架,并将培养的许旺细胞与支架进行体外结合培养。 方法：取Wistar大鼠双侧坐骨神经,运用30 g/L三硝基甲苯和40 g/L脱氧胆酸钠分别萃取1,2和3次,在萃取神经和未萃取神经的中段取材,行苏木精-伊红染色,S-100及Laminin免疫组织化学染色及透射电镜检测。取SD胎鼠坐骨神经及臂从神经,使用复合酶消化,差速贴壁及Arab-c抑制成纤维细胞生长的培养方法获得大量高纯度的许旺细胞。再把许旺细胞注入同种异体神经支架内,并行透射电镜及扫描电镜观察。 结果与结论：用三硝基甲苯和脱氧胆酸钠萃取后,坐骨神经内细胞和髓鞘被清除,神经基底膜被保留。电镜下可见萃取后的神经由空的神经基底膜管和管之间的胶原纤维构成。萃取次数增加后,神经内残留的S-100蛋白显著减少,但反复萃取后支架结构受破坏。去细胞同种异体神经支架适合许旺细胞体外生长,并有迁移排成行的特性。结果提示,用三硝基甲苯和脱氧胆酸钠萃取2次可去除细胞而保留神经基底膜管,是制备具有仿生结构神经支架的理想方法。神经支架种植许旺细胞后可能成为一种理想的神经缺损修复材料。     

蜂蜜治疗糖尿病创面与内皮祖细胞的动员*

背景：研究表明溃疡愈合的重要过程之一为溃疡的基质中形成新生血管,而骨髓来源的内皮祖细胞在这一过程中起到重要作用。骨髓来源的内皮祖细胞由骨髓向外周血动员以及其向溃疡处移行将有助于在溃疡处形成新生血管从而促进溃疡愈合,基质细胞衍生因子1α正是循环中调节血管生成前体细胞向受损组织移行的关键分子。 目的：观察蜂蜜治疗后内皮祖细胞动员情况以及对基质细胞衍生因子1α表达的影响。 方法：在链脲佐菌素介导的糖尿病大鼠模型的背部制造一个直径1.8 cm的全层皮肤创面,随机分成蜂蜜组和生理盐水组,观察两组的创面变化。流式细胞仪测定大鼠外周血中内皮祖细胞的数量。实时定量PCR测定局部组织中基质细胞衍生因子1α的表达。 结果与结论：在伤后3,7 d 蜂蜜组创面愈合面积比生理盐水组明显增加(P < 0.05);创面模型建立后3 d,外周血内皮祖细胞明显增加(P < 0.05);实时定量PCR检测创面组织中基质细胞衍生因子1α mRNA的表达与生理盐水组相比较明显增强。结果提示蜂蜜可能通过基质细胞衍生因子1α的生成促进内皮祖细胞的动员,进而参与新生血管生成,促进糖尿病大鼠创面愈合。     

多发性硬化的治疗进展

传统观点认为多发性硬化（MS）是一种中枢神经系统的自身免疫性炎性脱髓鞘疾病,常采用免疫抑制和抗炎治疗。随着对MS发病机制研究的深入,许多新的治疗策略被用于MS的治疗。MS疾病修正治疗已尝试进行MS发病的特异性靶点治疗,而对进展性MS则采用神经保护和神经修复治疗。与当前的治疗措施相比,新的治疗方案对控制MS复发更有效,但也带来一定的风险。目前仍在积极寻找进展性MS的有效治疗手段。     

出院准备度评估在首发精神分裂症患中的应用

目的探讨出院准备度评估对首发精神分裂症患者出院后康复情况的影响。方法选取2016年10月-2017年3月在四川省精神卫生中心住院、符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)精神分裂症诊断标准的首发精神分裂症患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各30例。两组患者均接受奥氮平治疗4周及以上,对照组由医生评估后下达医嘱办理出院,研究组由医生评估后下达出院医嘱,并接受出院准备度量表(RDQ)评定,评估达到标准后再办理出院。对两组患者在出院后1月、6月、12月通过电话或门诊随访的方式进行回访,采用自制出院回访调查表了解患者出院后康复情况。结果出院后研究组与对照组复发且再次入院、出现情绪问题、生活不能自理、自行停药情况、睡眠异常5个方面差异均有统计学意义(P均0. 05)。出院后1月,研究组满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论对于首发精神分裂症患者,通过出院准备度评估,可能有助于判断患者出院后进一步康复的能力。     

基于文献计量学分析缺血性脑血管病预后的基因组学研究

目的 分析2017—2022年缺血性脑血管病（ischemiccerebrovasculardisease,ICVD）预后的基因组学研究现状、研究热点及前沿领域。方法 在WebofScience核心合集（SCI-EXPANDED）中检索2017年1月1日—2022年10月1日ICVD预后的基因组学相关文献。使用CiteSpace软件分析文献中发文国家、机构、作者间的合作网络;参考文献、参考文献第一作者、期刊的共被引网络;参考文献的聚类结果;关键词的共现网络及其聚类结果,并使用可视化图谱呈现结果。结果 共纳入353篇文献。中国发文144篇,居全球首位,但仅与5个国家建立了合作关系。首都医科大学是发文最多的机构,共20篇。国际卒中遗传学联盟成员在发文量前10位的作者中占据6位,是发文的主力军并形成了主要的合作团簇。研究方法多使用全基因组关联分析和孟德尔随机化。近年来的研究热点是探究卒中预后与其他复杂疾病的共同遗传通路、影响抗血小板药物疗效的遗传变异,以及炎症机制在预后中的影响。结论 ICVD预后的基因组学研究热度逐年上升,已形成多个研究热点,主要探索相关潜在机制来推动新药研发。