Imaging orofacial tissues by magnetic resonance

Magnetic resonance imaging was used to study the human orofacial complex. Two imaging methods, a fixed head coil and a surface coil, were used. Images from a database of 31 subjects revealed details of many structures including the masseter, temporal, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, the teeth, articular condyles, and facial bones. A dentigerous cyst and a maxillary sinus "polyp" were also identified. Our study demonstrates the utility of this imaging modality in the identification and localization of soft tissue lesions. The strengths and weaknesses of the technique and its clinical potential are discussed.     

Assessment of bedside umbilical vein balloon septostomy using two-dimensional echocardiographic guidance in transposition of great arteries

The effectiveness of "bedside" balloon atrial septostomy via the umbilical vein using 2-dimensional echocardiography was compared to the traditional femoral vein approach using fluoroscopy in a series of neonates with transposition of great arteries from March, 1984 to April, 1987. There were 7 neonates who had balloon septostomy performed at the "bedside" (Group I) compared to 13 who had the procedure performed in the catheterization laboratory (Group II). Group II consisted of 7 newborns who had elective femoral vein catheterization under fluoroscopy (Group IIA) and 6 who failed "bedside" umbilical vein balloon septostomy and subsequently had the femoral vein approach under fluoroscopy (Group IIB). Results showed that adequacy of balloon septostomy was not related to the approach used, with 4 of 7 in Group I and 9 of 13 in Group II with an adequate atrial tear and clinical response. The Delay time to septostomy (i.e. time elapsed from initial assessment to commencement of balloon septostomy) and Procedure time (i.e. time taken to complete the balloon septostomy) was significantly shorter for Group I (mean time = 0.7 hours and 0.26 hours respectively) compared with Group IIA (mean time = 2.6 hours and 1.8 hours) and Group IIB (mean time = 2.4 hours and 1.4 hours). Of note, there was no significant increase in Delay time between Group IIA and IIB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The light microscopic localization of substance P- and somatostatin-like immunoreactive cells in the larval tiger salamander retina

Summary Light microscopic immunocytochemistry was utilized to localize the populations of substance P (SP)- and somatostatin (SOM)-like immunoreactive cells in the larval tiger salamander retina. Of 104 SP-immunostained cells observed, 82% were Type 1 amacrine cells. Another 8% of the SP-cells were classified as Type 2 amacrine cells, while 10% of the SP-cells had their cell bodies located in the ganglion cell layer and were designated as displaced amacrine cells. Each type of SP-like immunoreactive cell was observed in the central and peripheral retina. SP-immunopositive processes were observed in the inner plexiform layer as a sparse plexus in sublamina 1 and as a denser network of fibers in sublamina 5. Seventy-eight percent of the 110 somatostatin-immunopositive cells observed were designated as Type 1 amacrine cells. Another 12% of SOM-cells were classified as displaced amacrine cells, while only two SOM-immunopositive Type 2 amacrine cells were observed. Nine percent of the SOM-cells were designated as interplexiform cells, based on their giving rise to processes distributing in the outer plexiform layer as well as processes ramifying in the inner plexiform layer. Each type of SOM-immunoreactive cell was observed in the central and peripheral retina, with the exception of the Type 2 amacrine cells, whose somas were only found in the central retina. Lastly, SOM-immunopositive processes in the inner plexiform layer appeared as a fine plexus in sublamina 1 and as a somewhat denser network of fibers in sublamina 5.     

The persistence of interleukin-6 is regulated by a blood buffer system derived from dendritic cells

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脑啡肽与生长抑素在鸡视网膜无长突细胞共存的免疫组织化学研究

本文介绍用免疫组织化学的单标和双标技术研究脑啡肽(ENK)和生长抑素(SOM)在鸡视网膜无长突细胞的定位和共存。单标的实验结果表明,一些SOM免疫反应阳性无长突细胞的形态、胞体在内核层的位置及其突起在内网层的分支式样与某些ENK免疫反应阳性无长突细胞相似,虽然其突起在内网层的第3、4亚层形成的丛网不象ENK免疫反应阳性突起那样丛密,在内网层的第5亚层也未见SOM免疫阳性突起。双标的实验结果表明,一些无长突细胞显示ENK和SOM两种免疫阳性反应,而另一些无长突细胞分别只显示ENK或SOM阳性免疫反应。文中还对视网膜神经多肽间或与经典神经递质的共存进行了讨论。     

Partial destruction of Borrelia burgdorferi within ticks that engorged on OspE- or OspF-immunized mice.

We determined whether Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface proteins (Osps) E and F could elicit immune responses useful for a Lyme disease vaccine. Thirty days after challenge with B. burgdorferi, mice produced antibodies to OspE but not OspF, whereas antibodies to OspF were present in sera of mice obtained 90 days after infection. Examination of sera from patients with Lyme disease revealed antibodies to OspF in a small number (14%) of early-stage disease patients but in a majority (58%) of patients with late-stage disease, while antibodies to OspE were rarely detected in patients. Mice immunized with recombinant OspE or OspF produced high titers of antibodies to OspE or OspF, respectively. OspF-immunized mice were partially protected from both intradermal syringe challenge and tick-mediated transmission of B. burgdorferi while vaccination with OspE did not confer immunity. B. burgdorferi organisms were, however, substantially destroyed within ticks that engorged on either OspE- (75% reduction in the number of spirochetes within the ticks, compared with controls) or OspF (90% reduction in the number of spirochetes within the ticks)-immunized mice.