Mesenteric panniculitis does not confer an increased risk for cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is a non-specific, localized inflammation at the mesentery of small intestines which often gets detected on computed tomography. An association with malignant neoplasms remains unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association of malignancy with MP.Methods:MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles published from inception to 2020 that evaluated the association of malignant neoplasms with MP in comparison with control groups. Using random-effects method, a summary odds ratio (OR) estimate with 95% confidence intervals for malignant neoplasms in MP was estimated.Results:Four case-control studies reporting data on 415 MP patients against 1132 matched-controls met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The pooled OR for finding a malignant neoplasm in patients with MP was 0.907 (95% CI: 0.688–1.196; P = .489). The heterogeneity was mild and non-significant. Also, there was no heightened risk of any specific type of malignancy with MP. Three more case-series with unmatched-control groups (MP: 282, unmatched-controls: 17,691) were included in a separate analysis where the pooled OR of finding a malignant neoplasm was 2.963 (95% CI: 1.434–6.121; P = .003). There was substantial heterogeneity in this group.Conclusion:This meta-analysis of matched controlled studies proves absence of any significant association of malignant neoplasms with MP. Our study also demonstrates that the putative association of malignancy with MP is mainly driven by uncontrolled studies or case-series.     

3.0T MRI联合扩散加权成像对前列腺癌的定性诊断价值

目的在3.0T MRI检查仪上分析前列腺癌的表观扩散系数的变化,以病理结果作对照,探讨常规MRI、DWI两种成像方法及其联合应用对前列腺癌进行定性诊断的价值。方法收集28例前列腺癌(PCa)及20例前列腺增生(BPH)患者资料;在DWI上观察病灶的信号并进行ADC值测量,通过受试者操作特性曲线(ROC)评估ADC值对PCa的诊断效能,比较常规MRI单独应用及和ADC值二者联合应用对前列腺癌的诊断价值。结果 PCa平均ADC值为(0.78±0.025)×10-3,BPH平均ADC值为(1.59±0.045)×10-3。PCa与BPH的ADC值存在明显差异(P<0.05),根据ADC值诊断PCa的最佳诊断域值为1.182×10-3,此诊断域值敏感度为85.1%,特异性为96.4%。诊断效能:常规MRI诊断PCa的敏感度为82.14%,特异性为80.00%,准确度为81.25%。MRI+DWI诊断PCa的敏感度达92.85%,特异性为85%,准确度为89.58%。结论联合应用常规MRI和DWI的诊断效能优于单独应用常规MRI,3.0T MRI结合DWI有助于前列腺癌的早期诊断及鉴别诊断。     

壁虎鲜品和炮制品抗肿瘤活性比较研究

目的：比较中药壁虎鲜品与炮制品对小鼠H22肝癌细胞体内外生长抑制作用的强弱。方法：体外试验采用MTT法,检测壁虎提取液冻干粉对H22细胞的增殖抑制情况;体内试验采用小鼠肝癌H22移植瘤法,比较对实体肿瘤的抑制作用,并检测药物对小鼠胸腺指数及脾指数的影响。结果：在体外试验中,壁虎鲜品和炮制品对H22细胞的半数抑制率IC50分别为8.53、6.42 mg/ml;体内试验,鲜品和炮制品最大抑瘤率分别为53.0%和47.4%。炮制品各组的胸腺指数和脾指数均高于环磷酰胺（CTX）阳性对照组,鲜壁虎的中、高剂量组胸腺指数和低剂量组脾指数较阳性对照组高。结论：鲜品与炮制品均有抗肿瘤作用,但二者活性差异不显著;炮制品对胸腺和脾脏有生长刺激作用。     

Early Reactions as Dose-Limiting Factors in Radiotherapy

Early side effects of radiation therapy are generally the result of mitotic-linked cell death in rapidly renewing tissues and secondary impaired tissue function. Various types of acute normal tissue reactions are briefly summarized in this article. In general, with conventionally fractionated radiation treatment, the acute normal tissue reactions are within acceptable limits. However, new radiotherapy strategies, such as hyperfractionation and accelerated fractionation, induce more severe acute toxicity. Particularly, with most altered fractionation schedules, the mucosal reaction of the upper aerodigestive tract is elevated to the upper limit of tolerance. Early mucosal reactions may also become dose limiting when radiation is combined with chemotherapy as, for instance, for the treatment of head and neck cancer or pelvic neoplasms. Bone marrow is the critical organ for combination of chemotherapy and wide field irradiation. There is an increasing body of evidence that iatrogenic acute normal tissue toxicity has become a major obstacle for treatment intensification for a variety of cancers. Therefore, effective measures to ameliorate these side effects are essential for further development of cancer therapy. Methods to reduce the severity of acute toxicity are being investigated.     

Treatment and Survival Outcome of BRAF-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Matched Case-Control Study

Background

Somatic v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutation, present in approximately 10% of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) cases, is associated with poor prognosis. Patient outcome outside of clinical trials has only been reported in small series. We report real-world data on treatment and survival for BRAF-mutated (MT) patients at a single tertiary center, compared with a matched BRAF wild type (WT) control group.

Potentiation of tumor response to radiation or chemoradiation by selective cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme inhibitors

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme expressed primarily in pathologic states, such as inflammatory disorders and cancer, where it mediates prostaglandin production. Its overexpression is associated with more aggressive biologic tumor behavior and adverse patient outcome. Increasing evidence shows that agents that selectively inhibit COX-2 enhance tumor response to radiation or chemotherapeutic agents. This article gives an overview of some of this evidence. In addition, we describe new results showing that celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, enhanced response of A431 human tumor xenografts in nude mice to radiation by an enhancement factor (EF) of 1.43 and to the chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel by an EF of 2.07. Celecoxib also enhanced tumor response when added to the combined docetaxel plus radiation treatment (EF = 2.13). Further experiments showed that selective COX-2 inhibitors enhanced tumor cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation, involving inhibition of cellular repair from radiation damage and cell cycle redistribution as mechanisms for some cell types. The results show that selective COX-2 inhibitors have the potential to improve tumor radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy, and this therapeutic strategy is currently under clinical testing.     

EBV-IgM对川崎病患儿大剂量免疫球蛋白治疗耐药的预测价值

目的 研究川崎病(KD)患儿静脉注射大剂量免疫球蛋白(IVIG)耐药的影响因素,探讨血清EBV-IgM对KD患儿静脉注射大剂量IVIG耐药的预测价值.方法 将KD患儿分为敏感组和耐药组,分别对临床资料、实验室检查及血清EBV-IgM阳性率进行单因素分析;经多因素Logistic回归分析分析影响IVIG耐药的危险因素;建...     

乳腺癌术后患者心理社会适应水平调查研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌患者心理社会适应水平现状,并分析其与生活质量的相关性,为提高乳腺癌患者生活质量提供新的方向。方法 选取2020年9月至2021年6月新疆某三甲医院就诊的264例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查问卷、乳腺癌心理社会适应问卷、乳腺癌患者生命质量问卷进行调查,分析乳腺癌患者心理社会适应水平与生活质量的相关性。结果 乳腺癌患者心理社会适应水平得分为(147.59±17.59)分,生活质量得分为(95.83±15.04)分;相关性分析结果显示,乳腺癌患者心理社会适应水平得分与生活质量总分呈正相关(r=0.379,P<0.001);多元分层回归结果显示,心理社会适应水平进入生活质量影响因素模型,心理社会适应水平可独立解释乳腺癌生活质量14.70%的变异。结论 乳腺癌患者疾病心理社会适应处于中低水平,且与生活质量呈正相关,疾病心理社会适应水平是其生活质量的重要预测因子。     

A Warhead Substitution Study on the Coronavirus Main Protease Inhibitor Nirmatrelvir

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is currently causing an unprecedented global health emergency since its emergence in December 2019. In December 2021, the FDA granted emergency use authorization to nirmatrelvir, a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor, for treating infected patients. This peptidomimetic is designed with a nitrile warhead, which forms a covalent bond to the viral protease. Herein, we investigate nirmatrelvir analogs with different warheads and their inhibitory activities. In addition, antiviral activities against human alphacoronavirus 229E was also investigated along with a cell-based assay. We discovered that the hydroxymethylketone and ketobenzothiazole warheads were equipotent to the nitrile warhead, suggesting that these analogs can also be used for treating coronavirus infections.     

原位肝移植供肝撕裂伤的处理

目的 探讨原位肝移植供肝获取过程中发生撕裂伤的处理方式.方法 对2018年2月至2021年1月清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院297例原位肝移植手术中供肝撕裂伤的情况进行回顾性分析.对供肝撕裂伤进行分级分度:包膜撕裂<2 cm为A级,≥2 cm但<5 cm为B级,≥5 cm为C级;无明显肝实质裂伤即肝实裂深度<1 mm为I...