高分辨率CT对颞部疾病的检查价值

目的：探讨高分辨率CT（HRCT）对颞部疾病的检查价值。方法：对43例颞部疾病患者行常规CT和高分辨率CT（HRCT）检查所获图像对比分析，并讨论HRCT的检查技术和图像后处理。结果：HRCT对病变的显示率及病变引起骨质破坏的程度，病变边缘，轮廓的显示均明显优于常规CT，尤其能清楚显示常规CT难以显示的中耳及内耳的细微结构，结论：高分辨率CT是颞部疾病的首选检查方法，使用高分辨率CT对颞部疾病的检查给临床提供更多，更准确的诊断信息。     

Diterpenoids from the Roots of Agastache rugosa

从土藿香根中得到两个二萜化合物，藿香酚（２）及异藿香酚（３）。经光谱解析（ＩＲ，ＵＶ，ＨＲＭＳ及ＮＭＲ谱），确定它们的结构分别为１１，１４ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ１２ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙ１９（４→３）ａｂｅｏａｂｉｅｔａ４，（１８），８，１１，１３ｔｅｔｒａｅｎ７ｏｎｅ（２）和１１，１４ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ１２ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙ１９（４→３）ａｂｅｏａｂｉｅｔａ３，８，１１，１３ｔｅｔｒａｅｎ７ｏｎｅ（３）藿香酚（２）为一新的化合物，而异藿香酚（３）系首次从天然界分离得到，二者为一对异构体。     

Evidence for the presence of a type III secretion system in diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (DAEC).

Diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains (DAEC) represent a potential cause of diarrhoea in infants, and the detection of type three secretion system (TTSS) genes in DAEC would substantiate their pathogenic nature. In this work, four isolates of DAEC, recovered from stools of diarrhoeic children, were analysed by PCR, in order to detect the presence of TTSS genes. Primers targeted to the escC, escJ, escN and escV, some of the most conserved TTSS genes in enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC), were used in order to verify the occurrence of homologous genes in our DAEC isolates. By this approach, we were able to characterise DNA fragments corresponding to putative escJ and escN genes in all DAEC isolates. Furthermore, DNA fragments homologous to the escC and escV genes were also amplified from all isolates. Besides the similarity found among the DAEC esc homologues with EPEC and EHEC esc genes, the nucleotide sequence analysis of the flanking regions of the amplified DNA fragments suggests that the putative DAEC esc genes are organised in the same manner as observed in EPEC and in EHEC strains. The results described here provide strong evidence for the presence of a TTSS in the DAEC strains analysed, implicating a pathogenic nature of these isolates.     

nm23-H1基因转染对人胆管癌细胞系QBC939体外浸润能力的影响

目的：探讨nm23-H1基因转染对人胆管癌细胞系QBC939体外浸润能力的影响。方法：将含有全长nm23-H1 cDNA的真核表达载体通过脂腩体法转染人胆管癌细胞系。结果：转染成功的QBC939细胞，其nm23-Hl基因的mRNA、蛋白表达明显增加，转染nm23-H1基因的胆管癌细胞体外浸润能力下降，穿越matrigel的细胞数明显低于亲本QBC939细胞，代表浸润能力的IV型胶原酶（MMP-9）分泌量下降。结论：nm23-Hl基因可以抑制胆管癌细胞的体外浸润能力。     

Asthma caused by cyanoacrylic glues

Cyanoacrylate-based glues have been reported as producing dermatitis and bronchial asthma. The paper describes the case of a patient occupationally exposed to Loctite 406, who developed irritation of the skin and mucosae of the face and late bronchial asthma. Preventive measures for subjects exposed to cyanoacrylic instant glues are discussed.     

Shape changes produced in detergent extracted bovine retinal pigment epithelium when exposed to ATP. A comparison with fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

The response of single detergent treated bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells in culture to ATP was measured with an image analyser. The most pronounced contraction was produced by 1.0 mM ATP with most change taking place in the first 10 min. At 1 h the area had decreased by about 33%, perimeter 22% and maximum length 25%. By way of comparison rabbit skin fibroblasts had a decreased area of approximately 40%, perimeter 25% and maximum length 22%. Bovine aortic smooth muscle cells on the other hand decreased in area by 55%, perimeter 40% and maximum length 36%. It is hoped that this assay may be used to evaluate drugs which could counteract contractile events in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.     

慢性低氧大鼠肺动脉内皮素mRNA的表达及定位

目的：探讨慢性低氧大鼠肺动脉内皮素－1基因表达及分布。方法：采用生物素标记cRNA探针，对Wistar大鼠肺动脉进行原位杂交。结果：低氧1周组及低氧2周组大鼠大部分肺动脉内皮细胞ET－1mRNA表达呈阳性信号，而对照组大鼠仅极少数阳性信号（P＜0．01）；低氧1周组大鼠部分显示强阳性信号。低氧1周组及低氧2周组大鼠部分肺动脉平滑肌细胞呈现ET-1mRNA表达阳性信号，而对照组大鼠则无阳性信号表达（P＜0．01及0．05）。结论：慢性低氧对大鼠肺动脉ET－1分泌的影响是在基因转录水平进行，且主要细胞定位在肺动脉内皮细胞，此外还包括肺动脉平滑肌细胞。     

Monolateral hypoplasia of the motor vagal nuclei in a case of sudden infant death syndrome

During the development of motor vagal nuclei (MVN), the neuroblasts of the myeloencephalic basal plate migrate in the dorsolateral direction to form the dorsal motor vagal nucleus (DMVN) and ventrolaterally to form the ventral motor vagal nucleus (VMVN). Those neuroblasts that remain close to the median sulcus will form the hypoglossal nucleus. In support of the congenital origin of the alteration of the MVN in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), we report the case of an 8‐month‐old female child who was found dead in her cot. The neuropathological assessment revealed that the medullary triangle of the 4th ventricle floor was asymmetric, owing to the presence of three prominences to the left side of the median sulcus. The medial prominence corresponded to the hypoglossal nucleus, which showed a marked increase in the number of large neurons; the intermediate prominence corresponded to the DMVN whose large neurons were reduced and were recognizable mainly at the level of the medial fringe; the lateral prominence corresponded to the solitary nucleus. The left solitary tract showed a reduction of the transverse diameter. Also, the left VMVN showed marked reduction in the number of neurons. Inflammatory and astrocytic reactions were absent. We suggest that in SIDS cases the hypocellularity of the MVN and the increased number of neurons of the hypoglossal nucleus are intimately related, indicating a congenital alteration due to incomplete migration of the vagal neuroblasts with abnormality of the autonomic cardio‐respiratory control.     

止痒扑粉治疗尿布皮炎23例

尿布皮炎为婴儿肛门周围及臀部等尿布遮盖部位发生的接触性皮炎，多因尿布更换不及时，使用市售尿不湿等，使局部皮肤处于潮湿或浸润状态；或尿布洗涤不净，残留的尿渍及粪便易被寄生虫分解而产生氨，刺激皮肤；或尿布上的染料、残留的肥皂及橡胶或塑料本身也可成为刺激因子诱发本病。本人用止痒扑粉治疗尿布皮炎23例取得较好疗效，现报道如下：     

Clinical and hormonal effects of chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in polycystic ovarian disease

Previously, we reported that short term administration of a highly potent GnRH agonist (GnRHa) for 1 month to patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCO) resulted in complete suppression of ovarian steroidogenesis without measurable effects on adrenal steroid production. This new study was designed to evaluate the effects of long term GnRHa administration in PCO patients with respect to their hormone secretion patterns and clinical responses. Eight PCO patients and 10 ovulatory women with endometriosis were treated daily with sc injections of [D-His6-(imBzl]),Pro9-NEt]GnRH (GnRHa; 100 micrograms) for 6 months. Their results were compared to hormone values in 8 women who had undergone bilateral oophorectomies. In response to GnRHa, PCO and ovulatory women had rises of serum LH at 1 month, after which it gradually declined to baseline. In both groups FSH secretion was suppressed throughout treatment. Serum estradiol, estrone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone levels markedly decreased to values found in oophorectomized women by 1 month and remained low thereafter. In contrast, serum pregnenolone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone were partially suppressed, and dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol levels did not change. Clinically, hyperplastic endometrial histology in three PCO patients reverted to an inactive pattern, and proliferative endometrium in two other PCO patients became inactive in one and did not change in the other. Regression of proliferative endometrial histology occurred in all ovulatory women. Vaginal bleeding occurred in all women studied during the first month of GnRHa administration, after which all but one PCO patient became amenorrheic. Hot flashes were noted by all ovulatory women and by four of eight PCO patients. All PCO patients noted subjective reduction of skin oiliness, and five had decreased hair growth. We conclude that in premenopausal women: 1) chronic GnRHa administration results in apparently complete persistent suppression of ovarian steroid secretion; 2) adrenal steroid secretion is not influenced directly or indirectly; and 3) its use may be helpful in the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia and ovarian androgen excess in women with PCO.