经肝动脉途径行肝癌化疗栓塞后胆汁瘤形成的CT表现与临床意义

目的 探讨肝癌经动脉穿刺化疗栓塞（transcatheter arterial chelnoelnbolization，TACE）治疗后肝内胆汁瘤形成的CT表现和临床意义。方法 搜集我院2000年至2004年经CT检查系列随访的肝癌TACE后患者共3948例。观察TACE术后有无胆管阻塞和扩张等表现。结果 共发现35例（09％，35／3948）胆汁瘤，其中沿Glisson鞘呈分支样分布的低密度区4例，残癌病灶周围柱状改变7例，囊状改变33例。结论 胆汁瘤是肝癌介入治疗后并发症之，随病情进展可以有不同CT表现。治疗上可采取以内科保守治疗为主的多种方法。     

MDCT evaluation of aortic valvular disease

OBJECTIVE: This essay depicts recent advances of MDCT in the evaluation of aortic valvular disease. CONCLUSION: Aortic valvular disease can be assessed with current MDCT technology. The improved imaging characteristics of MDCT have significantly decreased artifacts traditionally seen with prosthetic aortic valves and enabled excellent visualization of valve function. Advances in ECG-gated MDCT technology offer the opportunity to evaluate a variety of aortic valvular abnormalities.     

Immunofluorescence on pronase-digested paraffin sections: a valuable salvage technique for renal biopsies

Direct immunofluorescence (IF) on frozen tissue is the method of choice for the study of medical renal diseases. When no glomeruli are available, IF can be performed on the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue allocated for light microscopy after antigen retrieval with proteases. In this study, the results of IF on frozen tissue (IF-F) and on deparaffinized, pronase-treated tissue (IF-P) were compared in 71 renal biopsies representing 12 major renal diseases. Using IF-P, diagnostic findings were obtained in 100% of cases of lupus nephritis, acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis, cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis, fibrillary glomerulonephritis, primary amyloidosis, myeloma cast nephropathy, and light-chain Fanconi syndrome (LCFS), 88% of cases of immunoglobulin (Ig)A nephropathy, 80% of cases of light-chain deposition disease, 60% of cases of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 1, 50% of cases of idiopathic membranous glomerulopathy (MGN) and 20% of cases of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease. IF-P was less sensitive than IF-F for the detection of C3 in all disease categories and for the detection of IgG in cases of MGN and anti-GBM disease. The diagnostic kappa light-chain staining was demonstrated in 100% of cases of LCFS by IF-P versus 40% by IF-F. We conclude that IF-P is a valuable salvage immunohistochemical technique for renal biopsies lacking adequate cortical sampling for IF-F, and is superior to IF-F for the diagnosis of LCFS.     

Serum levels of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) increase temporarily after physical exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Background  

COMP (Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) is a matrix protein, which is currently studied as a potential serum marker for cartilage processes in osteoarthritis (OA). The influence of physical exercise on serum COMP is not fully elucidated.     

异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变1例报告并文献复习

目的:报告1例罕见异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变病例,提高对本病的诊治水平。方法:回顾分析异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变的病例的临床资料,结合国内外相关文献,探讨异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变的发病机制、诊断及治疗。结果:经腹切除巨大囊肿及右侧异位恶变睾丸,左侧隐睾行下降固定,病理示"右异位中肾管囊肿,右侧异位睾丸精原细胞瘤",随访1年无转移。结论:异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变极为罕见,影像学检查可协助诊断,但最终需病理确诊,应早期行手术切除。后续治疗取决于隐睾恶变的病理类型及分期。     

脾动脉瘤的临床特征与腔内治疗：附30例报告

背景与目的:脾动脉瘤(SAA)是一类少见、具有潜在致命破裂风险的内脏动脉瘤疾病。SAA的传统手术方式为开腹切除动脉瘤及脾脏。近年来,随着介入技术和材料的发展,SAA的腔内治疗越来越普及。相比于开放手术,腔内治疗具有微创、简便、术后快速康复的优势。本文探讨SAA腔内治疗的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月—2019年12月在中南大学湘雅医院血管外科治疗的30例SAA患者资料,并介绍了我科治疗SAA的3种介入手术方式。结果:患者30例均行腹部CTA明确SAA诊断,其中近脾门型17例,中间型9例,远脾门型4例;囊状动脉瘤19例,梭形动脉瘤11例。30例均采取腔内治疗方法,其中21例行SAA栓塞术,6例行脾动脉支架置入术,3例行脾动脉裸支架置入+栓塞术。患者术后平均住院时间4 d,平均住院费用5万元,术后发生腹痛、呕吐、发热等症状10例,症状均在3 d以内缓解,无后遗症发生。发生穿刺点出血1例,保守治疗好转后出院。住院期间无急性脾梗死发生,没有发生需再次手术的并发症。22例患者术后随访3～6个月,CT复查示动脉瘤完全血栓化,未见造影剂进入;出现无症状局灶性脾梗死5例。结论:介入腔内手术可在保留脾脏的情况下治疗SAA,治疗效果确切,且创伤小,术后恢复快,并发症发生概率低,住院时间短,费用相比开放手术无明显增加。腔内治疗可作为绝大部分SAA的首选治疗,具体手术方式需根据术前CTA显示的SAA形态及位置来决定。     

基于多层次集成学习的骨质疏松辅助诊断研究

目的 原发性骨质疏松是一种起病隐匿、病程较长,在中老年人中高发的疾病,其可引起包括骨折在内的一系列严重症状,是我国中老年人致残致死的主要原因之一。与骨质疏松相关的生理检验指标有很多,如何筛选利用这些指标为诊断服务、建立诊断模型,尚未有成熟、统一的方法。方法 利用人工智能相关技术,对临床骨质疏松患者指标使用多种特征相关性算法进行特征选择,并在此基础上提出了一种多层次的集成学习框架：SAB-SVMKNN算法,其通过将内部同质学习器集成和外部异质学习器集成结合,将集成学习中的Boosting算法和Bagging算法使用Stacking进行集成,构建性能更强,适应性更好地诊断预测模型。结果 使用特征选择从原始数据中的31项临床指标中筛选了对于骨质疏松最重要的8种相关特征,通过这种方式使各模型准确率平均提高了9.2%,且该研究对应的模型准确率提升18.6%,最终达到了94.8%的准确率。结论 特征选择对于临床诊断和骨质疏松疾病的研究具有重要意义,该研究构建的预测模型可以有助于提高医生的诊断准确率。     

丙肝相关性肝癌根治术后复发规律及危险因素分析

目的：分析丙肝相关性肝癌（HCV-HCC）根治术后复发规律及相关危险因素,探讨针对复发时相的个体化临床干预。 方法：回顾98例行HCV-HCC根治术的患者临床病理资料,分析患者根治术后复发规律,对复发的可能影响因素进行单因素及多因素分析,并对病毒因素进行分层分析。 结果：全组根治术后有2个复发高峰,以24个月为界分为早、晚期;COX比例风险模型分析显示,肿瘤低分化、镜下微血管侵犯为术后早期复发的独立危险因素（P<0.001）,病毒载量为晚期复发的独立危险因素（P=0.013）;术后病毒载量持续阴性患者无瘤生存期明显长于术后持续高病毒载量或病毒载量不稳定者（P<0.001）。 结论：HCV-HCC根治术后早、晚期复发影响因素不同;早期复发率较高,预防性TACE可改善早期复发高危者预后;术后抗病毒治疗可改善远期疗效。

     

Molecular characterization of CTX‐M‐15‐producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli reveals the spread of multidrug‐resistant ST131 (O25:H4) and ST964 (O102:H6) strains in Norway

Nationwide, CTX‐M‐producing clinical Escherichia coli isolates from the Norwegian ESBL study in 2003 (n=45) were characterized on strain and plasmid levels. Bla_CTX‐M allele typing, characterization of the genetic environment, phylogenetic groups, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), serotyping and multilocus sequence typing were performed. Plasmid analysis included S1‐nuclease‐PFGE, polymerase chain reaction‐based replicon typing, plasmid transfer and multidrug resistance profiling. Bla_CTX‐M‐15 (n=23; 51%) and bla_CTX‐M‐14 (n=11; 24%) were the major alleles of which 18 (78%) and 6 (55%), respectively, were linked to ISEcp1. Thirty‐two isolates were of phylogenetic groups B2 and D. Isolates were of 29 different XbaI‐PFGE‐types including six regional clusters. Twenty‐three different O:H serotypes were found, dominated by O25:H4 (n=9, 20%) and O102:H6 (n=9, 20%). Nineteen different STs were identified, where ST131 (n=9, 20%) and ST964 (n=7, 16%) were dominant. Bla_CTX‐M was found on ≥100 kb plasmids (39/45) of 10 different replicons dominated by IncFII (n=39, 87%), FIB (n=20, 44%) and FIA (n=19, 42%). Thirty‐nine isolates (87%) displayed co‐resistance to other classes of antibiotics. A transferable CTX‐M phenotype was observed in 9/14 isolates. This study reveals that the majority of CTX‐M‐15‐expressing strains in Norway are part of the global spread of multidrug‐resistant ST131 and ST‐complex 405, associated with ISEcp1 on transferrable IncFII plasmids.