Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy predicts arrhythmia and mortality in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy

Purpose

The relatively low incidence of device-treated ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) who receive implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) for primary prevention makes improved risk stratification of ICM patients a priority. Although Cornell product (CP) ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been associated with increased mortality in hypertensive patients and population-based studies, whether CP LVH can improve risk stratification of high-risk ICM patients is unclear. The aim of this study is to examine if electrocardiographic LVH predicts mortality and incident ventricular arrhythmia in patients with ICM.

Methods

All-cause mortality was examined in 317 patients with ICM and a history of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) who underwent electrophysiology testing. Incident VT and ventricular fibrillation (VF) were assessed in ICD recipients (n?=?186). ECG LVH was defined by CP criteria: [(R _aVL?+?S _V3)?+?6?mm in women]?×?QRS duration >2,440?mm?ms.

Results

During 3?years of follow-up, mortality was 20% (64 of 317) and death or incident VT or VF occurred in 35% of ICD recipients. CP LVH was associated with significantly greater 3-year mortality (28% vs 15%, p?=?0.015) and 3-year mortality or incident VT/VF in ICD patients (48% vs 35%, p?=?0.011). In Cox multivariate models, CP LVH was an independent predictor of mortality in all patients (hazard ratio (HR) 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11?C2.97, p?=?0.020) and of the composite endpoint of mortality or incident ventricular arrhythmia in ICD patients (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.12?C3.00, p?=?0.016).

Conclusions

ECG LVH using CP criteria may enhance risk stratification in high-risk patients with ICM.     

异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变1例报告并文献复习

目的:报告1例罕见异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变病例,提高对本病的诊治水平。方法:回顾分析异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变的病例的临床资料,结合国内外相关文献,探讨异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变的发病机制、诊断及治疗。结果:经腹切除巨大囊肿及右侧异位恶变睾丸,左侧隐睾行下降固定,病理示"右异位中肾管囊肿,右侧异位睾丸精原细胞瘤",随访1年无转移。结论:异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变极为罕见,影像学检查可协助诊断,但最终需病理确诊,应早期行手术切除。后续治疗取决于隐睾恶变的病理类型及分期。     

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and its relationship to initiation of localized aggressive periodontitis: longitudinal cohort study of initially healthy adolescents

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is frequently associated with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP); however, longitudinal cohort studies relating A. actinomycetemcomitans to initiation of LAP have not been reported. A periodontal assessment was performed on 1,075 primarily African-American and Hispanic schoolchildren, ages 11 to 17 years. Samples were taken from each child for A. actinomycetemcomitans. A cohort of 96 students was established that included a test group of 38 A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive students (36 periodontally healthy and 2 with periodontal pockets) and 58 healthy A. actinomycetemcomitans-negative controls. All clinical and microbiological procedures were repeated at 6-month intervals. Bitewing radiographs were taken annually for definitive diagnosis of LAP. At the initial examination, clinical probing attachment measurements indicated that 1.2% of students had LAP, while 13.7% carried A. actinomycetemcomitans, including 16.7% of African-American and 11% of Hispanic students (P = 0.001, chi-square test). A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a, b, and c were equally distributed among African-Americans; Hispanic students harbored predominantly serotype c (P = 0.05, chi-square test). In the longitudinal phase, survival analysis was performed to determine whether A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive as compared to A. actinomycetemcomitans-negative students remained healthy ("survived") or progressed to disease with attachment loss of >2 mm or bone loss (failed to "survive"). Students without A. actinomycetemcomitans at baseline had a significantly greater chance to remain healthy (survive) compared to the A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive test group (P = 0.0001). Eight of 38 A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive and none of 58 A. actinomycetemcomitans-negative students showed bone loss (P = 0.01). A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype did not appear to influence survival. These findings suggest that detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans in periodontally healthy children can serve as a risk marker for initiation of LAP.     

甘草查尔酮A对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察甘草查尔酮A对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡的影响,并探讨其可能作用机制。方法 细胞增殖与活性检测（CCK-8）法检测不同浓度甘草查尔酮A对MDA-MB-231细胞存活率的影响;甘草查尔酮A（10,20,40 μmol·L^-1）作用MDA-MB-231细胞24 h,分别用细胞凋亡试剂盒（Annexin V-FITC/PI）检测细胞凋亡情况;荧光探针法（DCFA-DA）检测细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平,荧光探针（JC-1）法检测细胞线粒体膜电位（MMP）;蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白B细胞淋巴瘤-2（Bcl-2）,B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白（Bax）的表达及内质网应激相关蛋白（CHOP）,转录激活因子4（ATF4）,蛋白激酶R样内质网激酶（PERK）,磷酸化蛋白激酶R样内质网激酶（p-PERK）,真核翻译起始因子2α（eIF2α）,磷酸化真核翻译起始因子2α（p-eIF2α）表达。结果 与空白组比较,随着甘草查尔酮A浓度增大,从甘草查尔酮A 5 μmol·L^-1开始,细胞存活率明显降低（P<0.05）,其半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）为19.05 μmol·L^-1;甘草查尔酮A（10,20,40 μmol·L^-1）组细胞凋亡明显升高（P<0.05）,甘草查尔酮A 40 μmol·L^-1时细胞凋亡率达30.2%（P<0.05）;甘草查尔酮A（10,20,40 μmol·L^-1）使抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达明显降低（P<0.05）,促凋亡蛋白Bax表达明显升高（P<0.05）,且呈浓度依赖性;甘草查尔酮A（10,20,40 μmol·L^-1）明显升高细胞内ROS水平（P<0.05）,降低线粒体MMP水平（P<0.05）,导致线粒体功能障碍,呈浓度依赖性;甘草查尔酮A（10,20,40 μmol·L^-1）诱导内质网应激,使内质网应激相关蛋白CHOP,ATF4表达明显增多,磷酸化（p）-PERK,p-eIF2α表达明显升高（P<0.05）,呈浓度依赖性。结论 甘草查尔酮A可能通过增加细胞内ROS水平,降低MMP引起线粒体功能障碍和内质网应激诱导MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡。     

Perioperative Outcomes of Melanoma Patients Undergoing Surgery After Receiving Immunotherapy or Targeted Therapy

World Journal of Surgery - Traditional chemotherapy agents adversely affect wound healing and need to be held prior to or after surgery. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted agents are...     

脾动脉瘤的临床特征与腔内治疗：附30例报告

背景与目的:脾动脉瘤(SAA)是一类少见、具有潜在致命破裂风险的内脏动脉瘤疾病。SAA的传统手术方式为开腹切除动脉瘤及脾脏。近年来,随着介入技术和材料的发展,SAA的腔内治疗越来越普及。相比于开放手术,腔内治疗具有微创、简便、术后快速康复的优势。本文探讨SAA腔内治疗的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月—2019年12月在中南大学湘雅医院血管外科治疗的30例SAA患者资料,并介绍了我科治疗SAA的3种介入手术方式。结果:患者30例均行腹部CTA明确SAA诊断,其中近脾门型17例,中间型9例,远脾门型4例;囊状动脉瘤19例,梭形动脉瘤11例。30例均采取腔内治疗方法,其中21例行SAA栓塞术,6例行脾动脉支架置入术,3例行脾动脉裸支架置入+栓塞术。患者术后平均住院时间4 d,平均住院费用5万元,术后发生腹痛、呕吐、发热等症状10例,症状均在3 d以内缓解,无后遗症发生。发生穿刺点出血1例,保守治疗好转后出院。住院期间无急性脾梗死发生,没有发生需再次手术的并发症。22例患者术后随访3～6个月,CT复查示动脉瘤完全血栓化,未见造影剂进入;出现无症状局灶性脾梗死5例。结论:介入腔内手术可在保留脾脏的情况下治疗SAA,治疗效果确切,且创伤小,术后恢复快,并发症发生概率低,住院时间短,费用相比开放手术无明显增加。腔内治疗可作为绝大部分SAA的首选治疗,具体手术方式需根据术前CTA显示的SAA形态及位置来决定。     

肠道转运蛋白与中药有效成分的吸收

本文介绍了肠道主要转运蛋白的种类、结构、分布部位、底物、抑制剂或诱导剂,中药成分可作为肠道转运蛋白的底物、抑制剂或诱导剂影响其他药物在肠道中的吸收。有些中药间的配伍通过影响转运蛋白的作用,从而影响有效成分在肠道的吸收。     

2型糖尿病患者自我效能影响因素分析

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者自我效能的影响因素。方法2014年1~2月,从某社区卫生服务中心随机抽取372例2型糖尿病患者,进行糖尿病自我效能量表测量;采用单因素方差分析寻找自我效能的影响因素,将有统计学意义的因素运用多元回归进行统计学分析。结果该糖尿病人群自我效能得分为（99.02±16.06）分,59.9%处于中等水平;糖尿病教育、干预措施、医保类型、合并高脂血症为2型糖尿病自我效能的影响因素。结论2型糖尿病患者的自我效能有待改善,需加强2型糖尿病患者尤其合并高脂血症者的自我管理教育。