Transposition procedures in strabismus

A transfer procedure is very useful in the treatment of strabismus. The most common use of this procedure is to augment an already planned resection or recession procedure so that it can be performed monocularly to reduce an accompanying hypertropia or hypotropia or to collapse the A or V pattern when horizontal surgery is being performed for estropia or exotropia. In transfer procedures, the resultant change of deviation and cosmetic improvement is good or excellent in almost all cases. Some special transfer procedures, such as the Harada-Ito or the Jensen operation, can have dramatic effects on both comfort and change of symptoms for the patient.     

Effect of ionenes on structure and catalytic activity of cobaltphthalocyanine, 1. Visible light spectroscopic investigations

The structural behaviour of cobalt(II)phthalocyanine-tetrasodium sulfonate (CoPc(NaSO₃)₄) ( 1 ), a catalyst used in thiol oxidation, was investigated in the presence of ionenes (poly-quaternary ammonium salts), ( 2 ) using visible light spectroscopy. It was observed that ionenes, which have been shown to promote the catalytic activity, strongly enhance the aggregation of the cobalt complex. No cobalt site isolation occurred up to N⁺/Co = 10⁵. Furthermore, a stoichiometric CoPc(NaSO₃)₄/ionene complex appeared to be formed with an N⁺/Co-ratio of 4:1. This ratio was found to hold for ionenes with M?_n varying from 6 100 to 22 000 and charge densities from 0,8 to 1,5. As the charge density was increased, the observed CoPc(NaSO₃)₄ spectrum was more affected. Experiments with oxygen in alkaline solution revealed that the complex was resistant toward oxygen adduct formation in the presence of ionenes. This phenomenon is discussed in relation to the catalytic activity of the system.     

Adenoviral vectors do not induce, inhibit, or potentiate human platelet aggregation.

Adenoviruses are commonly used as vectors in human clinical gene therapy trials. High doses of intravenous adenovirus vectors have been associated with development of thrombocytopenia of undetermined origin. Viral internalization requires the presence cell surface integrins, alpha(v)beta(3) or alpha(v)beta(5), that can blind ligands with a arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence. This sequence is found in the adenovirus penton base. Platelets express the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and other integrins that bind the RGD sequence of ligands such as fibrinogen, laminin, vitronectin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Platelet aggregation is mediated, in part, by the binding of the RGD sequence of fibrinogen to a platelet surface integrin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa). We investigated whether adenovirus particles could interfere with or potentiate agonist-induced platelet aggregation. Incubation of platelet-rich plasma with adenovirus under stirred conditions did not promote spontaneous aggregation. The addition of physiological platelet agonists, ADP, collagen, or epinephrine, induced platelet aggregation. However, the presence of adenovirus in a wide range of concentrations did not inhibit or potentiate agonist-induced aggregation. These results suggest that the adenovirus-associated thrombocytopenia observed in vivo is independent of a direct effect of the virus on platelet aggregation.     

Postoperative convalescence after inguinal hernia surgery: Prospective randomized multicenter study of laparoscopic versus Shouldice inguinal hernia repair in 1042 patients

Interest in inguinal hernia surgery has increased significantly with the introduction of new operating techniques during the past decade. This multicenter study compared short-term results in patients treated by the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal patch technique (TAPP; n=518) and the Shouldice technique (n=524). We evaluated demographics, operative data, complications, hospital stay, postoperative pain, use of analgesics, functional status, sick leave, and complaints up to 3 months postoperatively. The median operating time was shorter in the Shouldice group (55 vs. 65 min), but there were no significant differences in complication rates, and major complications were rare. The hospital stay was 1 day or less in over 98% of cases in both groups, but more operations were performed on outpatient basis in the Shouldice group. In the TAPP group postoperative pain and analgesic consumption were less, postoperative functional status was better, and sick leave was shorter (10 vs. 14 days). These results show that the two methods are equally safe and have few major complications. The TAPP operation is associated with less postoperative pain, better postoperative functional status, and shorter sick leave, but at the price of a longer operating time. Electronic Publication     

Experimental arthritis induced by a clinical Mycoplasma fermentans isolate

Background  

Mycoplasma fermentans has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, it was detected in the joints and blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but it is not clear yet how the bacteria enter the body and reach the joints. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of M. fermentans to induce experimental arthritis in rabbits following inoculation of the bacteria in the trachea and knee joints.     

Carcinogenicity of dextran sulfate sodium in relation to its molecular weight

The carcinogenicity of dextran and 3 kinds of dextran sulfate sodium with different molecular weights and almost the same sulfur content were compared in ACI rats. Dextran sulfate sodium of molecular weight 54,000 showed a strong carcinogenic activity when it was given orally as 2.5% diet, whereas dextran sulfate sodium of molecular weight 520,000 and 9500 and dextran showed no significant carcinogenicity, i.e. the peak of carcinogenic activity of dextran sulfate sodium appeared at molecular weight 54,000, and dextran sulfates with larger or smaller molecular weights had no carcinogenic activity.