全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3523篇 |
免费 | 202篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 35篇 |
儿科学 | 128篇 |
妇产科学 | 67篇 |
基础医学 | 552篇 |
口腔科学 | 73篇 |
临床医学 | 252篇 |
内科学 | 869篇 |
皮肤病学 | 92篇 |
神经病学 | 327篇 |
特种医学 | 48篇 |
外科学 | 295篇 |
综合类 | 28篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 157篇 |
眼科学 | 190篇 |
药学 | 302篇 |
中国医学 | 30篇 |
肿瘤学 | 292篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 40篇 |
2022年 | 66篇 |
2021年 | 96篇 |
2020年 | 31篇 |
2019年 | 73篇 |
2018年 | 86篇 |
2017年 | 66篇 |
2016年 | 93篇 |
2015年 | 88篇 |
2014年 | 105篇 |
2013年 | 139篇 |
2012年 | 211篇 |
2011年 | 274篇 |
2010年 | 145篇 |
2009年 | 129篇 |
2008年 | 246篇 |
2007年 | 279篇 |
2006年 | 240篇 |
2005年 | 268篇 |
2004年 | 244篇 |
2003年 | 227篇 |
2002年 | 224篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 33篇 |
1997年 | 29篇 |
1996年 | 31篇 |
1995年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有3738条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Kyoko Itoh Takashi Kasai Yukiko Tsuji Kozo Saito Ikuko Mizuta Yoshinori Harada Shinji Sudoh Toshiki Mizuno Masanori Nakagawa Shinji Fushiki 《Neuropathology》2014,34(3):309-313
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is an oligodendrogliopathy of presumably sporadic origin, characterized by prominent α‐synuclein inclusions with neuronal multisystem degeneration, although a few Mendelian pedigrees have been reported. Here we report two familial cases of MSA of unknown genetic background. One patient was diagnosed as a possible MSA‐C (cerebellar dysfuntion) case, and the other as clinically possible MSA‐P (parkinsonism), which turned out to be definite MSA, based on a detailed autopsy. The neuropathology showed extensive deposition of α‐synuclein in the glia as well as in the neurons located in the cerebral cortices and hippocampal systems, although neither multiplication of the SNCA gene or mutations in COQ2 gene were identified in the family concerned. 相似文献
82.
Takuya Watanabe MD Akira Mikami MD Mitsutaka Taniguchi MD Masamichi Motonishi MD Hideharu Honda MD Kyoko Kyotani MD Shigehiko Uruha MD Kiyoji Terashima MD Yoshio Teshima MD Isao Egawa MD Yoshiro Sugita MD & Masatoshi Takeda MD 《Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences》1999,53(2):331-333
Polysomnographic findings and clinical symptoms were investigated in 14 cases of upper airway resistance syndrome. The mean scores of the Epworth sleepiness scale and self-rating depression scale in eight cases were 13.5 and 38.6, respectively. The mean sleep latency of the multiple sleep latency test in four cases was 10.2 min. Seven cases were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and one with hormone replacement therapy. The most common symptom was daytime sleepiness. Five cases had hypertension. CPAP reduced increasing negative esophageal pressure (Pes) and frequency of EEG arousals, and improved hypertension in one case. Hormone replacement therapy ameliorated increasing negative Pes and clinical symptoms. 相似文献
83.
Hidekazu Kato Fuyu Miyake Hiroko Shimbo Makoto Ohya Hidenori Sugawara Noriko Aida Rie Anzai Mariko Takagi Mitsuko Okuda Kyoko Takano Takahito Wada Mizue Iai Sumimasa Yamashita Hitoshi Osaka 《Brain & development》2014
Creatine transporter deficiency (CTD) is an example of X-linked intellectual disability syndromes, caused by mutations in SLC6A8 on Xq28. Although this is the second most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disabilities in Europe or America after Fragile X syndrome, information on the morbidity of this disease is limited in Japan. Using the HPLC screening method we have established recently, we examined samples of urine of 105 patients (73 males and 32 females) with developmental disabilities at our medical center. And we have found a family with three ID boys with a novel missense mutation in SLC6A8. This is the second report of a Japanese family case of CTD. A systematic diagnostic system of this syndrome should be established in Japan to enable us to estimate its frequency and treatment. 相似文献
84.
Hiroshige Mikamo Kyoko Kawazoe Yasumasa Sato Koji Izumi Kunihiko Ito Teruhiko Tamaya 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》1998,4(1):12-15
This study was designed to investigate bacterial flora of the endometrial cavity in healthy puerperae. Thirty puerperae who
underwent an uneventful course in pregnancy, delivery or postpartum were subjects for this study. Intrauterine contents were
collected on the first and fifth days of the puerperium and submitted for microbiologic examination. On the puerperal first
day, a total of 76 strains (53 strains of aerobic bacteria, 21 strains of anaerobic bacteria, and 2 strains of fungi) were
detected in the uteri of the 30 subjects. More than 2 strains were detected in 97% (29/30 subjects). The incidence of aerobic
gram-positive cocci, aerobic gram-negative bacilli, and anaerobic bacteria was 51%, 16%, and 28% of 76 strains, respectively.
On the puerperal fifth day, a total of 102 strains (68 strains of aerobic bacteria, 30 strains of anaerobic bacteria, and
4 strains of fungi) were detected in the uteri of the 30 subjects. More than 2 strains were detected in 97% (29/30 subjects).
The incidence of aerobic gram-positive cocci, aerobic gram-negative bacilli, and anaerobic bacteria was 46.1%, 18.6%, and
29.4% of the 102 strains, respectively. The population of the former seemed to decrease, and that of the latter 2 seemed to
increase during the postpartum course. However, the number of strains detected for these 3 classifications of bacteria increased
from the first to fifth postpartum day. There is no significance between bacterial strains and frequency detected, using the
2×39 chi-square test (P=0.571). There is no significance between classification of bacteria and frequency detected, using the 2×7 chi-square test. 相似文献
85.
Serum carcinoembryonic antigen specifically increases among various serum markers of adenocarcinoma in hypohidrosis or conditions related to hypohidrosis 下载免费PDF全文
Masaru Honma Hiroyoshi Nozaki Hiroko Nagahata Mizue Fujii Takashi Shibuya Kyoko Kanno Masako Minami‐Hori Akemi Ishida‐Yamamoto 《The Journal of dermatology》2017,44(8):903-908
Anhidrosis/hypohidrosis are conditions presenting various level of sweating dysfunction. Among them, acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis (AIGA) presents inadequate decrease or loss of sweating without apparent neurological and dermatological symptoms except cholinergic urticaria. Recently, serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), one of the most well‐known tumor markers, has been proposed as a clinical marker reflecting activity of AIGA. This study was performed to verify the specificity and independence of serum CEA level from the other serum tumor markers especially related to adenocarcinoma. The expression of various tumor markers in the serum collected from three healthy control subjects, four AIGA cases, and a cholinergic urticaria (CU) case with elevation of serum CEA level and history of hyperthermia was analyzed using a membrane‐based antibody array. In all AIGA and CU cases, the intensity of CEA was significantly increased (7.60–15.9 times compared with that of control), relatively well‐reflecting the serum CEA level, and the mean intensity of CEA was 11.8 times higher than the control subjects (P = 0.0011). On the other hand, the ratio of carbohydrate antigen (CA)125 and CA19‐9 was 1.93 and 0.23 times compared with the mean intensity of the control subjects, respectively, and there was no statistical significance. Immunohistochemistry on 10 AIGA cases showed increased expression of CEA but not CA19‐9 and CA125 in the eccrine sweat glands. In conclusion, the elevation of serum CEA level was independent from the other tumor markers in hypohidrotic condition represented by AIGA. 相似文献
86.
Onishi Y Mori S Kusumoto S Sugimoto K Akahane D Morita-Hoshi Y Kim SW Fukuda T Heike Y Tanosaki R Tobinai K Takaue Y 《International journal of hematology》2007,85(3):256-263
We investigated the feasibility of reduced-intensity conditioning with 4 Gy total body irradiation, fludarabine (30 mg/m2 for 6 days), and busulfan (4 mg/kg for 2 days) for bone marrow transplantation from a serologically HLA-matched unrelated donor. Seventeen adult patients (median age, 55 years; range, 27-67 years) with various hematologic malignancies (6 in remission, 11 not in remission) were treated. Successful engraftment was achieved in all patients at a median of day 18 (range, day 14-35) after transplantation, although subsequent secondary graft failure was observed in 2 patients. The cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of grades II to IV at day 100 was 48%. With a median follow-up of 286 days (range, 56-687 days), the rates of 1-year overall survival, 100-day nonrelapse mortality, and 1-year nonrelapse mortality were 41%, 14%, and 46%, respectively. Eleven patients died, and the causes of death were relapse (n = 4), pulmonary complications (n = 4), acute GVHD (n = 2), and sepsis (n = 1). The remaining 6 patients (at transplantation, 2 were in remission, and 4 were not in remission) are currently still in remission. These results suggest that this regimen reduces the risk of graft failure, but further studies are needed to ameliorate transplantation-related toxicities, primarily GVHD and/or pulmonary complications. 相似文献
87.
Toll-like receptor 9 signaling mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in murine experimental colitis 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
Rachmilewitz D Katakura K Karmeli F Hayashi T Reinus C Rudensky B Akira S Takeda K Lee J Takabayashi K Raz E 《Gastroenterology》2004,126(2):520-528
BACKGROUND & AIMS: We tested whether the attenuation of experimental colitis by live probiotic bacteria is due to their immunostimulatory DNA, whether toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is required, and whether nonviable probiotics are effective. METHODS: Methylated and unmethylated genomic DNA isolated from probiotics (VSL-3), DNAse-treated probiotics and Escherichia coli (DH5 alpha) genomic DNA were administered intragastrically (i.g.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) to mice prior to the induction of colitis. Viable or gamma-irradiated probiotics were administered i.g. to wild-type mice and mice deficient in different TLR or in the adaptor protein MyD88, 10 days prior to administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to their drinking water and for 7 days thereafter. RESULTS: Intragastric and s.c. administration of probiotic and E. coli DNA ameliorated the severity of DSS-induced colitis, whereas methylated probiotic DNA, calf thymus DNA, and DNase-treated probiotics had no effect. The colitis severity was attenuated to the same extent by i.g. delivery of nonviable gamma-irradiated or viable probiotics. Mice deficient in MyD88 did not respond to gamma-irradiated probiotics. The severity of DSS-induced colitis in TLR2 and TLR4 deficient mice was significantly decreased by i.g. administration of gamma-irradiated probiotics, whereas, in TLR9-deficient mice, gamma-irradiated probiotics had no effect. CONCLUSIONS: The protective effects of probiotics are mediated by their own DNA rather than by their metabolites or ability to colonize the colon. TLR9 signaling is essential in mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of probiotics, and live microorganisms are not required to attenuate experimental colitis because nonviable probiotics are equally effective. 相似文献
88.
A sensitive enzymatic method (SK-013) for detection and quantification of specific periodontopathogens 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Kazuyuki Ishihara Yuko Naito Tetsuo Kato Ichiro Takazoe Katsuji Okuda Toru Eguchi Koichi Nakashima Naoki Matsuda Kyoko Yamasaki Kenji Hasegawa Hirohisa Suido Kunio Sugihara 《Journal of periodontal research》1992,27(2):81-85
Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, and Treponema denticola have been found to predominate in periodontal pockets of patients with adult periodontitis. These microorganisms hydrolyze the synthetic peptide N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA). In this study, we developed an enzymatic method, designated SK-013, to detect the existence of these microorganisms in subgingival plaque bacteria. This enzymatic method was based on the observation of the hydrolysis of N-carbobenzoxy-glycyl-glycyl-arginyl-3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyaniline (N-CBz-Gly-Gly-Arg-DBHA) and made more sensitive by adding an enhancing system. The SK-013 was specifically positive for P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, T. denticola, and some strains of Capnocytophaga species, but was not specific for any of the other bacterial strains tested. This SK-013 system may be valuable for detection and quantification of periodontal disease-associated bacteria in subgingival plaque and thus for diagnosis of periodontal infections. 相似文献
89.
Yokoyama T Saito K Lwin H Yoshiike N Yamamoto A Matsushita Y Date C Tanaka H 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2005,29(4):622-630
BACKGROUND: Elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is a traditional biological marker for alcohol abuse and alcoholism, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Three recent epidemiologic studies consistently showed that MCV was elevated by alcohol drinking more markedly among individuals with genetically inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) (encoded by ALDH2*2 mutant allele) than those with active ALDH2 (encoded by ALDH2*1/2*1 genotype), suggesting that the elevated MCV was etiologically linked to acetaldehyde exposure. The purpose of the present study was to clarify further this relationship by examining the status of folate and vitamin B12. METHODS: The study participants were 159 men who were aged 40 to 69 years and randomly selected from a Japanese rural population. The genetic polymorphism of ALDH2 was determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method; data on alcohol drinking and other lifestyles were collected using a structured questionnaire; serum concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 were measured using the protein competitive reaction method, and blood cell counts were measured by routine methods. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the data. RESULTS:: The relationship between alcohol drinking and serum folate concentration was significantly different between ALDH2 genotypes, indicating that the reduction of serum folate by alcohol drinking was more marked in men with ALDH2*1/2*2 than those with ALDH2*1/2*1. The relationship between alcohol drinking and elevated MCV was significantly stronger in men with ALDH2*1/2*2 than those with ALDH2*1/2*1 even after adjustment for serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that acetaldehyde plays a significant role in the development of decreased serum folate concentration and elevated MCV by alcohol drinking. 相似文献
90.
Teruki Miyake Bunzo Matsuura Shinya Furukawa Toru Ishihara Osamu Yoshida Masumi Miyazaki Kyoko Watanebe Akihito Shiomi Hironobu Nakaguchi Yasunori Yamamoto Yohei Koizumi Yoshio Tokumoto Masashi Hirooka Eiji Takeshita Teru Kumagi Masanori Abe Yoshio Ikeda Takeru Iwata Yoichi Hiasa 《Journal of diabetes investigation.》2022,13(7):1245
IntroductionNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is diagnosed after excluding other liver diseases. The pathogenesis of NAFLD when complicated by other liver diseases has not been established completely. Metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) involves more metabolic factors than NAFLD, regardless of complications with other diseases. This study aimed to clarify the effects of fatty liver occurring with metabolic disorders, such as MAFLD without diabetes mellitus (DM), on the development of DM.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively assessed 9,459 participants who underwent two or more annual health check‐ups. The participants were divided into the MAFLD group (fatty liver disease with overweight/obesity or non‐overweight/obesity complicated by metabolic disorders), simple fatty liver group (fatty liver disease other than MAFLD group), metabolic disorder group (metabolic disorder without fatty liver disease), and normal group (all other participants).ResultsThe DM onset rates in the normal, simple fatty liver, metabolic disorder, and MAFLD groups were 0.51, 1.85, 2.52, and 7.36%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the MAFLD group showed a significantly higher risk of DM onset compared with other three groups (P < 0.01). Additionally, the risk of DM onset was significantly increased in fatty liver disease with overweight/obesity or pre‐diabetes (P < 0.01).ConclusionsFatty liver with metabolic disorders, such as MAFLD, can be used to identify patients with fatty liver disease who are at high risk of developing DM. Additionally, patients with fatty liver disease complicated with overweight/obesity or prediabetes are at an increased risk of DM onset and should receive more attention. 相似文献