Fucose and fucosyllactose enhance in-vitro hippocampal long-term potentiation

Bath application of -fucose and -fucosyllactose ( F1 increases the potentiation of the population spike amplitude (POP-spike) and the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) after tetanization of the Schaffer collaterals of the rat hippocampus. The ineffective isomers -fucose and 3-fucosyllactose (3-F1) have no such effect. Since not only the maintenance of long-term potentiation LTP is influenced but also its induction is drastically improved, an effect of the sugars via the formation of glycoproteins but also via different actions on induction mechanisms is discussed.     

Temporomandibular joint arthrography following surgical treatment of internal derangements

Arthrograms of the temporomandibular joint were obtained in 20 symptomatic joints that had previous reconstructive arthroplasty with disk repositioning because of internal derangements. Preoperative arthrograms were available for comparison in 18 joints. Symptoms resulting in a postoperative arthrogram included pain, limited ability to open the mouth, and clicking of the joints. Postoperative arthrographic findings included limited anterior translation of the condyle (90%), irregularity in outline of the intraarticular contrast agent (60%), a conical configuration of the posterior recess (25%), decreased size of the joint (28%), anterior displacement of the meniscus (25%), and perforated meniscus (15%). Many of these findings may have resulted from fibrosis and scarring, which may be a response to intraarticular bleeding. The mechanism by which the fibrosis causes the postsurgical arthrographic features is discussed.     

Der Nachweis des frischen Herzinfarktes beim Menschen durch Bestimmung der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration im Herzmuskel mit Indicatorpapier

Zusammenfassung Bei 3 Patienten, die unmittelbar nach herzchirurgischen Eingriffen verstarben, konnte durch Bestimmung der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration [H⁺] mit Indicatorpapier am Gefrierschnitt des Herzens 1–2 Std nach dem Tod jeweils eine umschriebene ischämische Schädigung nachgewiesen und das Alter des frischen Herzinfarktes anhand der veränderten [H⁺] festgestellt werden. Innerhalb der ersten 1–2 Std nach Beginn der Herzmuskelischämie war die [H⁺] in dem ischämisch geschädigten Bereich erhöht (pH<6.0). Anschließend wies der Infarktbereich, im Randbereich beginnend, eine erniedrigte Wasserstoffionenkonzentration (pH 7.4–7.5) auf.Im Zusammenhang mit der erniedrigten [H⁺] ließ sich mit der Perjodsäure Schiff-(PAS-) Reaktion sogenanntes PAS-positives diastaseresistentes Material im Myokard nachweisen. Beim enzymhistochemischen Succinodehydrogenasenachweis fand sich in einem 7–8 Std alten Infarkt eine verstärkte Enzymreaktion.

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The demonstration of acute human cardiac infarction by determining the hydrogen ion concentration of the myocardium with indicator paper

Summary In three patients who died immediately after surgical procedures on the heart it was possible one—two hours after death to demonstrate with indicator paper on frozen sections of myocardium a circumscribed ischemic lesion and to determine the age of the infarction from the changed hydrogen ion concentration. Within the first one—two hours after the onset of ischemia the hydrogen ion concentration in the area of ischemic damage is increased (pH<6.0). Subsequently the infarcted area, beginning in the border zone, shows a decreased hydrogen ion concentration (pH appr. 7.4–7.5).As to the decreased hydrogen ion concentration, it was possible with the periodic-acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction to demonstrate so-called PAS-positive diastase-resistant material in the myocardium. The enzymhistochemical succinodehydrogenase test showed an increased enzyme reaction in an infarction which was 7–8 hours old.

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Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.

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Vorgetragen auf der Thoraxchirurgischen Arbeitstagung, Februar 1970 in Bad Nauheim.     

Effect of loteprednol etabonate nasal spray suspension on seasonal allergic rhinitis assessed by allergen challenge in an environmental exposure unit

BACKGROUND: Loteprednol etabonate (LE) is a novel soft steroid that was designed to improve the benefit/risk ratio of topical corticosteroid therapy. This study assesses the clinical efficacy and safety of three different doses of LE nasal spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). METHODS: In this single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial 165 subjects with SAR to grass pollen received daily single doses of either 100, 200, 400 microg LE nasal spray, or placebo for 14 days. The patients underwent three 4-h allergen challenges with grass pollen in an environmental exposure unit at a screening visit (baseline) and on days 7 and 14 of treatment. Standardized nasal symptom scores were obtained every 20 min. Nasal flow, nasal secretions, and FEV(1) were measured every hour during allergen challenges. RESULTS: After 14 days of treatment, patients who received 400 microg LE had significantly lower total nasal symptom scores compared with those receiving placebo (P = 0.007). LE400 reduced rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, nasal itching, the amount of nasal secretions, and improved nasal flow as compared with placebo (P < 0.05). LE100 and LE200 were not significantly different from placebo. All treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Loteprednol 400 microg once daily is superior to placebo and the only effective dose tested in improving nasal symptoms and objective parameters in patients with SAR.     

Life expectancy in British Marfan syndrome populations

A total of 206 patients with Marfan syndrome were ascertained throughout genetic clinics in Wales and Scotland during the period 1970–1990. There were 45 deaths representing 22% of the cohort. Mean age at death was 45.3 ± 16.5 years. 50% median cumulative survival in the total cohort (n = 206) was 53 years for males and 72 years for females. Multivariate analysis confirmed severity as the best independent indicator of survival. These findings and survival curves will assist in the counselling of British families and individuals with Marfan syndrome.