Bacampicillin in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease: A study of two dosage regimens

Summary In order to evaluate a twice daily dosage regimen of bacampicillin a multicenter clinical trial was performed in patients suffering from pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). A total of 75 patients were allocated at random to treatment with 800 mg bacampicillin twice daily or 400 mg three times daily for fourteen days (PID). The study was performed double-blind. The therapeutic effect was assessed in 70 patients. The therapeutic response was judged on the basis of clinical symptoms and bacteriology. There was no significant difference in the overall efficacy of the two dosages in the patient groups studied. Good response was obtained in 93% of the patients, and 7% were improved. Gastrointestinal side-effects were infrequent (three cases out of 75). Exanthema occurred in six patients.

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Die Verwendung von Bacampicillin bei entzündlichen Erkrankungen der Beckenorgane: Eine Studie mit zwei verschiedenen Dosierungen

Zusammenfassung Zur Beurteilung einer zweimal täglichen Dosierung von Bacampicillin wurde bei Patienten mit entzündlichen Erkrankungen der Organe des kleinen Beckens eine klinische multizentrische Studie durchgeführt. Insgesamt 75 Patienten wurden zufallsgemäß mit entweder 800 mg Bacampicillin zweimal täglich oder 400 mg dreimal täglich über vierzehn Tage behandelt. Die Studie wurde nach klinischen Symptomen und bakteriologischen Befunden bei insgesamt 70 Patienten beurteilt. Es konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Dosierungen festgestellt werden. Gute Resultate wurden bei 93% der Patienten erreicht, 7% wurden gebessert. Zu gastrointestinalen Beschwerden kam es selten (bei drei von 75 Patienten). In sechs Fällen trat ein Exanthem auf.

     

Do we undertreat hypertensive smokers? A comparison between smoking and non-smoking hypertensives

The acute effect of smoking is a rise in blood pressure and heart rate. Nevertheless, in several epidemiologic studies, smokers tend to have a slightly lower office blood pressure than non-smokers. We studied the 24 h ambulatory blood pressure consecutively in hypertensive smokers (> or = 10 cigarettes per day, n = 26) and hypertensive non-smokers (n = 26) to test the hypothesis that smoking is associated with a rise in ambulatory blood pressure. There was no difference between smokers and non-smokers in office blood pressure (153.8 +/- 22.2/98.5 +/- 10.6 vs 149.0 +/- 16.1/96.9 +/- 11.6 mmHg). However, we found a statistically significant higher daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressure in smokers (153.7 +/- 16.2/96.1 +/- 9.5 vs 145.0 +/- 12.1/90.1 +/- 10.0 mmHg) than in non-smokers. Differences were also found for office-daytime differences and when studying patients on pharmacological antihypertensive treatment separately. Daytime heart rate was also significantly higher in smokers (86.6 +/- 9.4 vs 76.0 +/- 10.9). We conclude that smokers tend to be undertreated in that they have a higher daytime blood pressure than do non-smokers, a difference that is not recognized by measuring office blood pressure alone. We therefore recommend 24h ambulatory blood pressure measurement in smokers with essential hypertension.     

Mental distress and job satisfaction in Palestinian nurses exposed to workplace aggression: a cross-sectional study

Background

Nurses who are exposed to workplace aggression from patients, patient relatives, or colleagues are at risk for mental health disorders and job dissatisfaction. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of exposure to workplace aggression and the association between mental distress and job satisfaction in nurses working in the Hebron district of the occupied Palestinian territory.

Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of N-Benzyl Phenethylamines as 5-HT2A/2C Agonists

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Elucidating the Mechanism of Absorption of Fast-Acting Insulin Aspart: The Role of Niacinamide

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A review of mercury exposure among artisanal small-scale gold miners in developing countries

Purpose

Extraction of gold using mercury has been a way out of poverty for millions of people in developing countries. Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) has expanded during the last decades and is often carried out under primitive conditions. Thus, workers in this industry may be exposed to high levels of mercury and suffer from toxic effects from mercury exposure. The objective of this review was to provide an outline of the studies available on elemental mercury exposure among artisanal small-scale gold miners.

Methods

Searching the PubMed and Embase databases, 26 studies with a total of 3,005 exposed subjects and 442 controls across 14 different developing countries were found. Urine mercury levels were used as biomarkers of exposure.

Results

In general, the urine mercury levels were elevated and a considerable proportion of workers had urine mercury levels above existing guidelines. Exposed subjects were stratified into residents, miners, millers, smelters, and refiners, who by work task content were expected to be increasingly exposed to mercury. This group order did show a clear trend of increasing mercury levels. Mercury levels differed substantially between studies. Possible explanations include dissimilarities in gold extraction methods, use of protective devices, and selection of participants.

Conclusions

This review provides evidence that artisanal gold miners and residents of the mining sites are exposed to mercury vapour to an extent where acute and long-term toxic effects of mercury are likely. Interventions aimed at reducing exposure and emission of mercury from ASGM are needed.