昆明市一所大学预防药物滥用及HIV／AIDS研究

在云南省财贸学院开展为期半年的预防药物滥用及感染性免疫缺陷病毒／艾滋病（ＨＩＶ／ＡＩＤＳ）活动。５３名自愿参加预防活动的大学生作为预防对象。预防方法以个人和社会技能训练为主，辅予信息传播方法和拒绝技能训练。训练课程分为８次，每次９０分钟。活动前后进行自身对照比较。结果显示，预防活动能提高预防对象相关知识的水平。预防对象的个人和社会技能比参加活动前有显著的提高。不足的是这种预防活动没有能改变预防对象对药物滥用及ＨＩＶ／ＡＩＤＳ的负性态度。研究对今后以学校为基础的预防方法提出了建议。     

Humoral immune response to the Trypanosoma cruzi complement regulatory protein as an indicator of parasitologic clearance in human Chagas' disease.

Immunoprecipitation of the purified 160-kDa complement regulatory protein of Trypanosoma cruzi by Chagas' disease patient sera was examined as a possible correlate of the complement-mediated lysis test and as an indicator of parasite clearance. The results presented demonstrate that assessment of the humoral response to this antigen is a useful indicator of parasite clearance and may be particularly helpful in the assessment of some patients for whom other serological tests produce ambiguous results.     

Association of the IgG response to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite protein (C-terminal 19 kD) with clinical immunity to malaria in the Brazilian Amazon region

The antibody response to the C-terminal 19-kD fragment of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (PfMSP1-19) was investigated in groups of subjects living in areas of Brazil with different levels of malaria transmission. The prevalence and the levels of IgG to PfMSP1-19 increased with the time of exposure and were positively correlated with the absence of clinical symptoms in parasitemic patients. The frequency of positive response and the mean level of IgG were higher in areas where malaria prevalence was more intense, especially among asymptomatic patients. The serum absorbance values of the IgG1 isotype were significantly higher among subjects with long-term exposure and in asymptomatic infections. These data suggest a protective role of IgG1 in naturally acquired immunity in spite of the unstable transmission levels in the Brazilian Amazon.     

Plasmodium vivax sporozoite antibodies in individuals exposed during a single malaria outbreak in a non-endemic area

We studied seroreactivity against Plasmodium vivax antigens in 62 individuals living in a small community near Mantena, Minas Gerais, Brazil, an area outside the endemic malaria zone Brazil. Eight months earlier, there had been transmission of P. vivax for a period of 50 days, which was then totally controlled by chemotherapy and insecticides. An anti-sporozoite response, measured by ELISA using a recombinant protein expressed in yeast, was detected in 45% (14 of 31) of individuals eight months after infection and persisted for 20 months in 12%. Eighteen individuals were treated prophylactically for malaria because they lived in houses in which an overt infection had occurred. Seven of these individuals were ELISA positive; of these, 5 had antibodies against the blood stage parasites. Among 13 other individuals in the endemic area who did not have positive smears, had not been ill, and had not received prophylaxis, five were anti-circumsporozoite positive up to a 40-fold serum dilution. They did not develop asexual blood stage antibodies and remained parasite-free for the following 20 months.     

汕头市城区中学控烟环境与控烟教育调查

目的了解汕头市城区中学生吸烟现状及控烟措施开展状况,为预防中学生吸烟提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样,随机抽取75名健康教育教师和2 134名中学生进行问卷调查,并进行现场调查。采用χ2检验比较不同人群的吸烟认知与态度情况,采用非条件logistic回归分析影响因素。结果 20.29%的被调查学生尝试过吸烟,22.73%的学校被发现校园里有吸烟现象,仅有77.33%的教师与17.43%的中学生反映对学校开展的有关吸烟危害教育活动有印象。非条件logistic回归分析结果表明,对于城区中学开展健康教育活动的可能性,教师接触过控烟资料者是未接触者的4.31倍。结论中学生尝试吸烟率较高,控烟教育在各中学的开展情况不容乐观;健康教育教师接触青少年控烟资料情况是城区中学开展控烟教育的一个重要影响因素。     

Glucocorticoids and lymphocytes. III. Effects of glucocorticoid administration on lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptors

To determine the effects of glucocorticoid administration on the number of measured lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor sites and the duration of such effects, seven normal volunteers were studied. Glucocorticoid receptor levels of the lymphocytes circulating in the blood of each volunteer were determined. Glucocorticoid was then administered in a regimen of a total of four doses of dexamethasone 4 mg p.o. every 6 hr. Determinations of the number of receptors were performed at 6 hr and at various subsequent times after the end of dexamethasone administration. When compared to baseline receptor numbers, six volunteers showed a decrease in receptor number after glucocorticoid administration (median maximum decrease 2,046 sites/cell). The fall in receptor number occurred rapidly, reaching a nadir within 30 hr from the end of glucocorticoid administration. The return of receptor number to baseline was more gradual, requiring from 3 to as long as 17 days in one subject. Our results suggest that in order to accurately interpret glucocorticoid receptor numbers in human lymphoid cells, glucocorticoid should not have been administered for 3 wk prior to determinations of receptor levels.