全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4081篇 |
免费 | 296篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 148篇 |
儿科学 | 114篇 |
妇产科学 | 113篇 |
基础医学 | 523篇 |
口腔科学 | 61篇 |
临床医学 | 288篇 |
内科学 | 670篇 |
皮肤病学 | 184篇 |
神经病学 | 389篇 |
特种医学 | 279篇 |
外科学 | 717篇 |
综合类 | 62篇 |
一般理论 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 284篇 |
眼科学 | 76篇 |
药学 | 267篇 |
中国医学 | 6篇 |
肿瘤学 | 195篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 29篇 |
2021年 | 63篇 |
2019年 | 60篇 |
2018年 | 78篇 |
2017年 | 46篇 |
2016年 | 68篇 |
2015年 | 67篇 |
2014年 | 96篇 |
2013年 | 144篇 |
2012年 | 184篇 |
2011年 | 183篇 |
2010年 | 133篇 |
2009年 | 138篇 |
2008年 | 135篇 |
2007年 | 166篇 |
2006年 | 124篇 |
2005年 | 124篇 |
2004年 | 144篇 |
2003年 | 142篇 |
2002年 | 133篇 |
2001年 | 126篇 |
2000年 | 129篇 |
1999年 | 110篇 |
1998年 | 60篇 |
1997年 | 63篇 |
1996年 | 67篇 |
1995年 | 48篇 |
1994年 | 52篇 |
1993年 | 41篇 |
1992年 | 74篇 |
1991年 | 65篇 |
1990年 | 73篇 |
1989年 | 65篇 |
1988年 | 61篇 |
1987年 | 61篇 |
1986年 | 52篇 |
1985年 | 50篇 |
1984年 | 35篇 |
1983年 | 32篇 |
1982年 | 35篇 |
1981年 | 35篇 |
1979年 | 43篇 |
1978年 | 34篇 |
1977年 | 39篇 |
1976年 | 34篇 |
1975年 | 45篇 |
1973年 | 41篇 |
1972年 | 27篇 |
1970年 | 45篇 |
1969年 | 34篇 |
排序方式: 共有4380条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Romaric Loffroy Sylvain Favelier Pierre Pottecher Pierre-Yves Genson Louis Estivalet Sophie Gehin Jean-Pierre Cercueil Denis Krausé 《World journal of radiology》2015,7(7):143-148
Visceral artery aneurysms (VAA) include splanchnic and renal artery aneurysms. They represent a rare clinical entity, although their detection is rising due to an increased use of cross-sectional imaging. Rupture is the most devastating complication, and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. In addition, increased percutaneous endovascular interventions have raised the incidence of iatrogenic visceral artery pseudoaneurysms (VAPAs). For this reason, elective repair is preferable in the appropriately chosen patient. Controversy still exists regarding their treatment. Over the past decade, there has been steady increase in the utilization of minimally invasive, non-operative interventions, for vascular aneurysmal disease. All VAAs and VAPAs can technically be fixed by endovascular techniques but that does not mean they should. These catheter-based techniques constitute an excellent approach in the elective setting. However, in the emergent setting it may carry a higher morbidity and mortality. The decision for intervention has to take into account the size and the natural history of the lesion, the risk of rupture, which is high during pregnancy, and the relative risk of surgical or radiological intervention. For splanchnic artery aneurysms, we should recognize that we are not, in reality, well informed about their natural history. For most asymptomatic aneurysms, expectant treatment is acceptable. For large, symptomatic or aneurysms with a high risk of rupture, endovascular treatment has become the first-line therapy. Treatment of VAPAs is always mandatory because of the high risk of rupture. We present our point of view on interventional radiology in the splanchnic arteries, focusing on what has been achieved and the remaining challenges. 相似文献
92.
AF Jorm H Christensen AS Henderson PA Jacomb AE Korten A Mackinnon 《Age and ageing》1996,25(2):126-129
Formal assessment of cognitive decline with cognitive tests can be difficult, requiring either two measurement points or a comparison of 'hold' with 'don't hold' tests. Informant-based assessment provides an alternative approach because informants can adopt a longitudinal perspective and directly rate cognitive change. A study was carried out to assess the validity of informant ratings collected by means of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). A community sample of 500 subjects aged 74 or over underwent four cognitive tests on two occasions 3½ years apart. On the second occasion, informants filled out the IQCODE. Subjects rated as having moderate or severe decline were found to have greater change on the cognitive tests. These findings support the validity of informant ratings of cognitive decline. 相似文献
93.
The effect of azathioprine on the kinetics of peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages was studied in normal mice and in mice in which an inflammatory reaction was provoked. Two dosage levels were used: a high dose of 200mg/kg which is the maximum tolerated daily dose in mice, and low dose of 3 mg/kg which is about equivalent to a nontoxic, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory dose in man. The number of peripheral blood monocytes decreases gradually during azathioprine treatment of normal mice, the extent and duration being dependent on the dose and duration of administered over a period of 9 days gives an almost complete reduction, and a low dose (3 mg/kg) given for the same period results in a reduction of about 50%. This effect seems to be reversible, because when treatment is stopped the number of monocytes starts to increase 24-48 hr later. The number of peritoneal macrophages is only affected when a high dose (200 mg/kg) is given over a long period; a low dose has virtually no effect. In mice in which an inflammatory reaction was prevoked in the peritoneal cavity, the normally occurring increase in the numbers of both peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages was suppressed, the extent being dependent on the dose of azathioprine administered. Labeling studies with 3H-thymidine indicated that the reduction of peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages in the inflammatory exudate is due to a diminished monocyte production. 相似文献
94.
de Haas M; Kerst JM; van der Schoot CE; Calafat J; Hack CE; Nuijens JH; Roos D; van Oers RH; von dem Borne AE 《Blood》1994,84(11):3885-3894
In four healthy volunteers, we analyzed in detail the immediate in vivo effects on circulating neutrophils of subcutaneous administration of 300 micrograms of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Neutrophil activation was assessed by measurement of degranulation. Mobilization of secretory vesicles was shown by a decrease in leukocyte alkaline phosphatase content of the circulating neutrophils. Furthermore, shortly postinjection, Fc gamma RIII was found to be upregulated from an intracellular pool that we identified by immunoelectron microscopy as secretory vesicles. Intravascular release of specific granules was shown by increased plasma levels of lactoferrin and by upregulation of the expression of CD66b and CD11b on circulating neutrophils. Moreover, measurement of fourfold elevated plasma levels of elastase, bound to its physiologic inhibitor alpha 1- antitrypsin, indicated mobilization of azurophil granules. However, no expression of CD63, a marker of azurophil granules, was observed on circulating neutrophils. G-CSF--induced mobilization of secretory vesicles and specific granules could be mimicked in whole blood cultures in vitro, in contrast to release of azurophil granules. Therefore, we postulate that the most activated neutrophils leave the circulation, as observed shortly postinjection, and undergo subsequent stimulation in the endothelial microenvironment, resulting in mobilization of azurophil granules. Our data demonstrate that G-CSF should be regarded as a potent immediate activator of neutrophils in vivo. 相似文献
95.
Kraus CL Salazar NC Mitchell JR Florin WD Guenther B Brady D Swartzwelder SH White AM 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2005,29(9):1672-1676
BACKGROUND: Alcohol use by college students is commonly measured through the use of surveys. The validity of such data hinge on the assumption that students are aware of how much alcohol they actually consume. Recent studies call this assumption into question. Students tend to overestimate the appropriate sizes of standard drinks, suggesting that they might underestimate how much alcohol they consume. If this is true, then students' actual blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) should be higher than BACs estimated based on self-report data. The present study examined this issue METHODS: Breathalyzer readings and self-reported drinking data were collected from 152 college students during the fall of 2004. Estimated BACs were calculated by means of a standard formula, and the relation between actual and estimated BACs was examined. Factors contributing to discrepancies between the two values were identified RESULTS: Estimated BAC levels were significantly higher, not lower, than breath BAC measures. The accuracy of estimated BACs decreased as the number of drinks and amount of time spent drinking increased. Being male and drinking only beer predicted greater accuracy of estimated BACs CONCLUSIONS: Although laboratory data suggest that students underestimate how much they drink, the hypothesis was not supported by data collected in the field. It appears that students might actually overestimate rather than underestimate their levels of consumption when surveyed in the midst of a night of drinking. The findings corroborate observations made by other researchers and suggest that the findings of laboratory studies on college drinking do not necessarily extend to real-world settings. 相似文献
96.
Abanish Singh Michael A Babyak Daniel K Nolan Beverly H Brummett Rong Jiang Ilene C Siegler William E Kraus Svati H Shah Redford B Williams Elizabeth R Hauser 《European journal of human genetics : EJHG》2015,23(6):854-862
We performed gene–environment interaction genome-wide association analysis (G × E GWAS) to identify SNPs whose effects on metabolic traits are modified by chronic psychosocial stress in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). In Whites, the G × E GWAS for hip circumference identified five SNPs within the Early B-cell Factor 1 (EBF1) gene, all of which were in strong linkage disequilibrium. The gene-by-stress interaction (SNP × STRESS) term P-values were genome-wide significant (Ps=7.14E−09 to 2.33E−08, uncorrected; Ps=1.99E−07 to 5.18E−07, corrected for genomic control). The SNP-only (without interaction) model P-values (Ps=0.011–0.022) were not significant at the conventional genome-wide significance level. Further analysis of related phenotypes identified gene-by-stress interaction effects for waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, type II diabetes status, and common carotid intimal–medial thickness (CCIMT), supporting a proposed model of gene-by-stress interaction that connects cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor endophenotypes such as central obesity and increased blood glucose or diabetes to CVD itself. Structural equation path analysis suggested that the path from chronic psychosocial stress to CCIMT via hip circumference and fasting glucose was larger (estimate=0.26, P=0.033, 95% CI=0.02–0.49) in the EBF1 rs4704963 CT/CC genotypes group than the same path in the TT group (estimate=0.004, P=0.34, 95% CI=−0.004–0.012). We replicated the association of the EBF1 SNPs and hip circumference in the Framingham Offspring Cohort (gene-by-stress term P-values=0.007–0.012) as well as identified similar path relationships. This observed and replicated interaction between psychosocial stress and variation in the EBF1 gene may provide a biological hypothesis for the complex relationship between psychosocial stress, central obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. 相似文献
97.
Ariel R. Green Cynthia M. Boyd Kathy S. Gleason Leslie Wright Courtney R. Kraus Ruth Bedoy Bianca Sanchez Jonathan Norton Orla C. Sheehan Jennifer L. Wolff Emily Reeve Matthew L. Maciejewski Linda A. Weffald Elizabeth A. Bayliss 《Journal of general internal medicine》2020,35(12):3556
BackgroundPatients with dementia and multiple chronic conditions (MCC) frequently experience polypharmacy, increasing their risk of adverse drug events.ObjectivesTo elucidate patient, family, and physician perspectives on medication discontinuation and recommended language for deprescribing discussions in order to inform an intervention to increase awareness of deprescribing among individuals with dementia and MCC, family caregivers and primary care physicians. We also explored participant views on culturally competent approaches to deprescribing.DesignQualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with patients, caregivers, and physicians.ParticipantsPatients aged ≥ 65 years with claims-based diagnosis of dementia, ≥ 1 additional chronic condition, and ≥ 5 chronic medications were recruited from an integrated delivery system in Colorado and an academic medical center in Maryland. We included caregivers when present or if patients were unable to participate due to severe cognitive impairment. Physicians were recruited within the same systems and through snowball sampling, targeting areas with large African American and Hispanic populations.ApproachWe used constant comparison to identify and compare themes between patients, caregivers, and physicians.Key ResultsWe conducted interviews with 17 patients, 16 caregivers, and 16 physicians. All groups said it was important to earn trust before deprescribing, frame deprescribing as routine and positive, align deprescribing with goals of dementia care, and respect caregivers’ expertise. As in other areas of medicine, racial, ethnic, and language concordance was important to patients and caregivers from minority cultural backgrounds. Participants favored direct-to-patient educational materials, support from pharmacists and other team members, and close follow-up during deprescribing. Patients and caregivers favored language that explained deprescribing in terms of altered physiology with aging. Physicians desired communication tips addressing specific clinical situations.ConclusionsCulturally sensitive communication within a trusted patient-physician relationship supplemented by pharmacists, and language tailored to specific clinical situations may support deprescribing in primary care for patients with dementia and MCC.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11606-020-06063-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.KEY WORDS: deprescribing, patient-physician communication, dementia 相似文献
98.
99.
100.
Cavin K. Ward-Caviness William E. Kraus Colette Blach Carol S. Haynes Elaine Dowdy Marie Lynn Miranda Robert B. Devlin David Diaz-Sanchez Wayne E. Cascio Shaibal Mukerjee Casson Stallings Luther A. Smith Simon G. Gregory Svati H. Shah Elizabeth R. Hauser Lucas M. Neas 《Environmental health perspectives》2015,123(10):1007-1014