Arterial blood-flow waveform measurement in intact animals: new digital radiographic technique

With a new radiographic method to determine the pulsatile flow pattern in an imaged artery, flow velocity is determined by tracking the movement of contrast material along the artery over time. Flow velocity is multiplied by an automatically determined cross-sectional area of the artery to determine blood flow. Pulsatile blood-flow waveforms were determined by radiographic and electromagnetic techniques in each femoral artery of four dogs while flow conditions were varied. Peak and average blood flows measured by the two techniques were highly correlated (r = .97 and .95, respectively). The closest agreement between the flow waveforms measured by the electromagnetic and radiographic techniques was found under normal flow conditions. The radiographically derived flow waveforms tended to be noisy at low blood-flow rates, and instantaneous blood-flow rates exceeding 700 ml/min were underestimated.     

Respiratory distress syndrome treated with human surfactant: radiographic findings

Chest radiographs of 18 newborns treated with endotracheal instillation of human surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were compared with those of 18 similar but untreated infants. In the treated infants, severity of RDS significantly improved after surfactant administration. Most treated infants (16/18) exhibited a left-to-right shunt, presumably through a patent ductus arteriosus; similar findings were noted in untreated infants (17/18). Complications of respiratory assistance in the treated infants included transient pulmonary interstitial emphysema (n = 1), pneumothorax (n = 1), and mild (n = 4) to moderate (n = 2) bronchopulmonary dysplasia; the incidences of these complications did not exceed those in untreated infants. In three treated infants, a transient interstitial lung disease developed 3-4 days after surfactant administration.     

消旋棉酚拆分的研究——Ⅲ.胺缩棉酚理化性质的研究

本文报道消旋棉酚与15种不同结构的光学活性胺缩合产物的薄层色谱性质和核磁共振氢谱数据,以及8个光学活性胺与光学活性棉酚缩合物的光学稳定性,并探讨了结构与这些性质的关系。     

利用Pirkle型手性固定相柱拆分对映体药物:用异氰酸-α萘酯衍生化拆分烯丙洛尔等β-阻断剂药物及衍生物的结构鉴定

利用异氰酸-α萘酯(NI)作衍生化试剂,在Pirkle型DNBPG柱上拆分了β-阻断(?)丙洛尔等药物。方法简便,分离度好。对其衍生物结构的研究表明:在温和的条件下,异氰酸酯与分析物的仲氨基反应,生成脲;若反应在较强烈的条件下进行,则将发生异构化,最终是异氰酸酯与羟基结合,生成氨基甲酸酯。实验还表明,NI试剂与分析物之间的反应是按1:1进行的。     

导数比率法测定维磷补汁中咖啡因的含量

本文应用国产7520紫外分光光度计,用导数比率法,测定维磷补汁中咖啡因的含量。标准曲线的相关系数r=0.9996。平均回收率为100.2%,CV=0.11%。     

The safety of sumatriptan in asthmatic migraineurs

A recent report has questioned the safety of sumatriptan in asthmatic migraineurs. To investigate this, we have reviewed the sumatriptan clinical trial safety database of over 75 completed trials. Within the clinical trial database, 375 asthmatic patients were identified who treated 1214 migraine attacks with sumatriptan. The incidence and nature of adverse events in the asthmatic patient subgroup who received sumatriptan was similar to that in the complete clinical trial population. Six reports of asthma were recorded as adverse events, but only one case was classified by the investigator as related to treatment. There is no clinical or pharmacological evidence to suggest that the safety profile of sumatriptan is altered in asthmatic patients compared to other migraine sufferers.     

High-dose iohexol myelography

Lumbar myelography was performed with high volumes of iohexol (15-24 ml) at a concentration of 180 mgI/ml (average dose, 20 ml) in 48 patients. In 44 patients receiving more than the currently recommended upper dose limit of 17 ml, the frequency of headache (41%), nausea (14%), and vomiting (9%) was comparable to results for routine-dose lumbar metrizamide myelography. Overall, adverse reactions were more frequent, particularly at the highest dose levels, than reported for conventional-dose iohexol myelography. However, there were no occurrences of neuropsychiatric disorder, encephalopathy, or seizure. High-dose technique allows superior visualization of upper lumbar and conus detail and may be advantageous in patients with large subarachnoid spaces and in multi-level examinations. This study supports the results of previous trials that suggested the relative safety of iohexol as a contrast agent and extends those observations to a higher dose range. Because of the increased rate of adverse reactions at the highest dose levels (despite the absence of major adverse reactions), iohexol should continue to be used conservatively, with doses carefully tailored to each examination.     

Evaluating humanistic attributes of internal medicine residents

OBJECTIVE: Methods of assessing humanism in internal medicine residents have not been completely designed or evaluated. This study used patient satisfaction as a measure of humanism, and assessed the validity of using faculty physicians to evaluate residents' humanistic behavior. Residents' ability to assess themselves was also evaluated. SETTING: A university-affiliated internal medicine training program. SUBJECTS: Forty-seven internal medicine residents were evaluated by patients, faculty, and themselves. DESIGN: Faculty physicians were given standard faculty evaluation and patient satisfaction forms, and were asked to evaluate residents. These evaluations were compared with the patients' responses on the same satisfaction forms. Residents performed self-assessment using identical forms; these responses were compared with those of the faculty and patients. RESULTS: There was no correlation between patients' responses and those of the faculty or residents. There was a significant inverse correlation between resident and faculty responses, especially for the female residents (r = 0.71). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the need for further study of the evaluation process, including what factors influence individuals to respond as they do. It appears that the use of one rating group is not sufficient to achieve an accurate assessment of residents' humanistic skills. The present status of the process of evaluating humanism is discussed.