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11.
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by an age-dependent progressive decline of memory,impairment of cognitive functions and changes in personality and behavior.Despite the improvement in understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disease,AD remains an incurable complex disorder with multifaceted pathophysiology to date.Apolipoprotein E(ApoE)is the main cholesterol carrier in the brain that supports lipid transport between brain cells.The individuals carrying the APOE4 allele are known to be at increased risk of developing AD compared with those carrying the more common APOE3 allele. 相似文献
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Antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha prevent increases in cell replication in liver due to the potent peroxisome proliferator, WY- 14,643 总被引:7,自引:6,他引:7
Bojes HK; Germolec DR; Simeonova P; Bruccoleri A; Schoonhoven R; Luster MI; Thurman RG 《Carcinogenesis》1997,18(4):669-674
Several structurally dissimilar hypolipidemic drugs, plasticizers and
halogenated hydrocarbons induce peroxisomes in hepatocytes, and cause
hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma in rats and mice. The mechanism by
which these agents act is unknown, although recent studies have suggested a
link between increased cell proliferation and hepatic cancer caused by
peroxisome proliferators. Here, we demonstrate that neutralizing antibodies
to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) block increases in protein
kinase C and cell proliferation due to [4-
chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid (WY-14,643), a
hypolipidemic drug and potent peroxisome proliferator that causes tumors.
WY-14,643 moderately elevated the level of TNF alpha mRNA in the liver. TNF
alpha was detected immunohistochemically exclusively in Kupffer cells.
These results demonstrate that WY-14,643 acts as an indirect mitogen on
hepatocytes via TNF alpha. We propose that the Kupffer cell, a major source
of TNF alpha in the liver, is involved in the mechanism of the mitogenic
effect of WY-14,643.
相似文献
14.
J Komulainen R Lounamaa M Knip EA Kaprio HK Akerblom 《Archives of disease in childhood》1996,75(5):410-415
The determinants of the degree of metabolic decompensation at the diagnosis of type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and the possible role of diabetic ketoacidosis in the preservation and recovery of residual beta cell function were examined in 745 Finnish children and adolescents. Children younger than 2 years or older than 10 years of age were found to be more susceptible to diabetic ketoacidosis than children between 2 and 10 years of age (< 2 years: 53.3%; 2-10 years: 16.9%; > 10 years: 33.3%). Children from families with poor parental educational level had ketoacidosis more often than those from families with high parental educational level (24.4% v 16.9%). A serum C peptide concentration of 0.10 nmol/l or more was associated with a favourable metabolic situation. Low serum C peptide concentrations, high requirement of exogenous insulin, low prevalence of remission, and high glycated haemoglobin concentrations were observed during the follow up in the group of probands having diabetic ketoacidosis at the diagnosis of IDDM. Thus diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis is related to a decreased capacity for beta cell recovery after the clinical manifestation of IDDM in children. 相似文献
15.
NC de Bruin KA van Velthoven M de Ridder T Stijnen RE Juttmann HJ Degenhart HK Visser 《Archives of disease in childhood》1996,74(5):386-399
Data on body composition in conjunction with reference centiles are helpful in identifying the severity of growth and nutritional disorders in infancy and for evaluating the adequacy of treatment given during this important period of rapid growth. Total body fat (TBF) and fat-free mass (FFM) were estimated from total body electrical conductivity (TBEC) measurements in 423 healthy term Caucasian infants, aged 14-379 days. Cross sectional age, weight, and length related centile standards are presented for TBF and FFM. Centiles were calculated using Altman's method, based on polynomial regression and modelling of the residual variation. The TBF percentage steeply increased during the first half year of life, and slowly declined beyond this age. Various simple TBEC derived anthropometric prediction equations for TBF and FFM are available to be used in conjunction with these standards. Regression equations for the P50 and the residual SD, depending on age, weight, or length, are provided for constructing centile charts and calculating standard deviation scores. 相似文献
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A?Salt K?Freeman A?Prusa N?Ferret W?Buffolano G?Malm D?Schmidt HK?Tan RE?GilbertEmail author The European Multicentre Study on Congenital Toxoplasmosis 《BMC pediatrics》2005,5(1):21
Background
We aimed to determine how response to a parent-completed postal questionnaire measuring development, behaviour, impairment, and parental concerns and anxiety, varies in different European centres. 相似文献19.
Military medicine is the development within the art and science which is designed to carry out a specialized, essential and a highly significant mission under the adverse conditions of war. Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) is a mode of warfare which has come to stay and the Indian Military has to confront it as such. It is a campaign of nerves, less military and more psychological, with soldiers inevitably fighting with hands behind their back. The dichotomy the soldier faces, results in high levels of frustration leading to various stress disorders. The key in casualty survival lies in correct and timely psychological first-aid for which every section and platoon commander should be trained. Post Trauma Stress Disorder caused as a result of traumatic experience can deplete unit''s efficiency and therefore needs monitoring for early detection and treatment. Evolving medical strategies for Low Intensity Conflict Operations (LICO), therefore assumes significance.Key Words: Low Intensity Conflict, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Stress 相似文献
20.
Calorie restriction in nonhuman primates: mechanisms of reduced morbidity and mortality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Long term chronic calorie restriction (CR) of adult nonhuman primates
significantly reduces morbidity and increases median age of death. The
present review is focused upon an ongoing study of sustained adult- onset
calorie restriction, which has been underway for 15 years. Monkeys,
initially calorie restricted at about 10 years of age, are now
approximately 25 years old. The median life span of these restricted
monkeys is increasing, now exceeding that of ad libitum (AL)-fed monkeys.
In our laboratory, maximum life span for AL-fed monkeys appears to be about
40 years. Thus, whether CR can also increase maximal life span, as it does
in rodents, cannot be determined for at least another 15 years. The
earliest detectable positive benefit on morbidity in these monkeys was
previously reported as the prevention of obesity. Current evidence, as
reviewed here, suggests that much obesity- associated morbidity is also
mitigated by sustained calorie restraint in nonhuman primates. Furthermore,
probably because of the prevention of obesity, diabetes has also been
prevented. Recent findings include the identification of extraordinary
changes in the glycogen synthesis pathway, and on the phosphorylation of
glycogen synthase in response to insulin. This calorie restriction-induced
prevention of morbidity does not require excessive leanness, but is clearly
present when body fat is within the normal range of 10 to 22%, and this is
likely to be true in humans as well.
相似文献