新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的发生原因及护理

阐述了新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的病因及临床诊断依据 ,重点综述了新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的护理。     

心理行为疗法与兴趣激励在儿童弱视治疗中的作用

目的:采用心理行为疗法中正强化疗法与兴趣激励结合治疗儿童弱视,并观察其效果。方法:①选择2000-01/2003-06在开封市儿童医院眼科门诊就诊的弱视患儿172例(287眼)。患者及家长知情同意。随机分为2组:对照组87例(141眼);心理干预组85例(146眼)。②对照组采用眼科常用的综合疗法(戴镜+遮盖+红光闪烁及精细作业训练,1次/d,15min/次);心理干预组在常用综合治疗基础上增加心理行为治疗中的正强化疗法及兴趣激励,及时奖赏孩子不同分级的奖品或出游活动,激发弱视儿童的内在合作动机以提高其顺应性。③观察两组患儿视力变化,每3个月复查、验光1次,进行疗效比较。无效为视力退步、不变或提高0.1;有效为视力增长0.2或0.2以上;显著有效为视力提高达≥0.9。有效率=显著有效+有效例数/该组总例数。④计数资料差异性测定采用χ2检验。结果:弱视患儿172例(287眼)均进入结果分析。干预有效率:两组随干预时间延长而增高。干预3个月时,对照组与心理干预组相近(46.1%,49.3%,P>0.05);但干预6和9及12个月时心理干预组明显高于对照组(71.3%,78.8%,83.5%;55.3%,59.6%,64.5%,χ2=7.83,12.43,13.56,P<0.01)。结论:将适合儿童心理特点的心理行为治疗法中的正强化方法与儿童兴趣激励结合起来,可更有效提高对弱视患儿视力水平的治疗效果。     

Daphne-type diterpenes from genus Daphne and their anti-tumor activity

Daphne-type diterpenenoids is the major biologically active constituents in the genus Daphne. We find that there are about 101 Daphne-type diterpenes in this genus, most of these compounds show different degrees of inhibitory effect on various cancer cell. Some of them have been studied in depth and the potent molecular mechanisms might be associated with modulation of different cell-signaling pathways. In addition, some compounds of this type also can inhibit the synthesis of protein and DNA. Absolutely, the anti-tumor activity of Daphne-type diterpenes is worthy of attention. Unfortunately, most of the current research on the activity of these compounds is focused on simple drug efficacy, and its in-depth mechanism research is far from enough. On the other point of view, there still exists wide growing space on the depth of these compounds.     

小组干预模式治疗大学生抑郁的效果

目的:探讨小组干预模式对大学生抑郁的干预效果,观察治疗前后组员的焦虑、抑郁、自我评价及行为改善情况,进行自身前后对照。方法:选择2004-05/07北京友谊医院临床心理科诊断为抑郁或抑郁状态的北京不同大学的1～4年级的在校学生10例。男5例,女5例,年龄19～24岁。采用小组治疗的方法对其进行干预。小组由组长和副组长两位治疗师带领,治疗1次/周,3h/次,干预8次。每次干预设有主题,采取半结构式治疗形式,安排活动,引发组员思考、讨论和领悟,并对组员引发出的问题给予关注和指导,去除一些情绪和不合理思维,增加彼此的共鸣与支持。治疗前后采用症状自评量表评估心理健康水平,采用焦虑自评量表评估患者的焦虑状态,采用抑郁自评量表评估患者抑郁程度,采用小组成员自我评价表进行成员的自我评定。数据进行配对t检验。结果:10例参加小组治疗的学生无脱落,全部进入结果分析。①小组治疗后症状自评量表的强迫因子评分比治疗前极显著降低(2.94±0.38,1.86±0.59,t=5.07,P<0.01),人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、偏执等因子评分比治疗前明显降低(t=2.83,3.90,3.53,3.28,P<0.05)。②治疗后焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表总分比较治疗前均显著降低(32.20±3.82,40.30±6.34,t=4.126,P<0.01;35.50±5.31,48.60±7.16,t=4.701,P<0.01)。③组员在对自己了解自己、了解别人、信赖自己、信任别人、关心别人、帮助别人、与他人沟通、与他人合作方面都有较高评价,自觉比以前开朗、自信,相信自己能够面对各种问题,掌握了一些调节情绪的技术和沟通的方法,对小组过程和活动比较喜欢。结论:小组治疗对于大学生抑郁是一种较有效的心理干预模式。治疗后小组成员自我评价升高,自觉有信心、有能力面对各种困难和问题。能有效改善抑郁大学生的情绪、行为、自我认知和应对模式。     

Changing name of epilepsy in Korea; cerebroelectric disorder (noi‐jeon‐jeung,뇌전증,腦電症)

Public misconception of epilepsy may lead to significant stigma to the disease itself, thereby causing impaired quality of life in people with epilepsy. Traditionally, epilepsy has been considered to be the consequence of evanescent spiritual forces, and even demonic possession (in many countries). The names of epilepsy in some East Asian countries originated from China, and include madness in their meaning. We recently changed the Korean name of epilepsy, gan‐jil (??, 癎疾: a crazy, convulsive disease having meaning similar to 癲癎), to a neutral and scientifically explainable name: noi‐jeon‐jeung (???; 腦電症; cerebroelectric disorder). We expect that changing the stigmatized name of epilepsy to a neutral and scientific term with the meaning of cerebroelectric disorder will reduce the social stigma by understanding of epilepsy as one of the neurologic disorders.     

婴幼儿泪囊炎的治疗与护理

婴幼儿泪囊炎是婴儿常见病，为婴儿出生后或更长时间有溢泪、眼红、黏脓性分泌物，压迫泪囊区有反流物溢出。用眼药水治疗效果欠佳，加之患儿对各种治疗方法的不合作，为临床治疗和护理带来不便。我科2002年3月-2005年3月治疗110例（124眼）婴幼儿泪囊炎患儿，获得满意效果。现总结如下。     

Carotid artery thickening and neurocirculatory abnormalities in de novo Parkinson disease

Cognitive dysfunction constitutes a major non-motor manifestation of Parkinson disease (PD), but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Neurocirculatory abnormalities such as supine hypertension (SH) and orthostatic hypotension (OH), white matter hyperintensities upon magnetic resonance imaging, and dementia are inter-related in PD, even in patients with early, levodopa-untreated disease. These abnormalities might in turn be associated with carotid atherosclerosis which, by a variety of interacting means could contribute to repeated episodes of cerebral hypo- and hyper-perfusion. We investigated inter-correlations among neurocirculatory and carotid sonographic measurements [intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and wall:lumen ratios (WLR)] in 65 patients with levodopa-untreated, de novo PD who underwent tilt table testing and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Increased mean IMT and WLR were associated with OH and supine and overnight blood pressures. Across individuals the orthostatic fall in systolic pressure was correlated with both IMT and WLR. Since arteriosclerosis would be expected to splint carotid sinus baroreceptors, complex positive interactions among carotid wall thickening, SH, and OH may result in myriad episodes of cerebral hypo- and hyper-perfusion, contributing to microvascular injury and consequently to the cognitive dysfunction attending PD.     

大学生的精神信仰结构

目的:探讨大学生精神信仰概念的结构。方法:首先采用语句完成法对2003-03/06天津工程师范学院职教系文理、性别各半的大学生200名进行调查,对“精神信仰是什么”的回答进行编码,然后让他们回答“我的精神信仰是什么”。分析此结果,归纳出200名大学生对精神信仰属性认知及对精神信仰内容认知的频数及百分数。然后采用自由联想法确定精神信仰的词汇,最后请25名大学生和10名心理学博士进行评定,确定精神信仰的结构。结果:225名学生及10名博士均进入结果分析。大学生对信仰属性的认知有6种:①把信仰归属于精神需要和价值准则的为78%,两者分别为39%。②认为信仰是个人目标生活追求的11%。③认为信仰就是对超自然力的信奉为7%。④认为信仰是精神自我安慰的2%。⑤认为信仰是虚幻的2%。大学生精神信仰内容按频数排列:①达到事业成功的为29%。②相信个人价值的24%。③信奉家庭因素至上的8%。④信奉金钱至上的5%。⑤信仰共产主义的7%。⑥对权威、天命、享乐、生命和家族信仰的占少数。结论:大学生认为精神信仰的属性是人的精神需要,表现人的价值原则。大学生的信仰呈多元化的表现形式。