Epidemiologic Features,Radiological Findings and Clinical Outcomes of 19 Patients with COVID-19 in a Single Center in Beijing,China

Objective To describe the epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and prognoses of COVID-19 confirmed patients in a single center in Beijing, China. Methods The study retrospectively included 19 patients with nucleic acid-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at our hospital from January 20 to March 5, 2020. The final follow-up date was March 14, 2020. The epidemiologic and clinical information was obtained through direct communication with the patients or their family members. Laboratory results retrieved from medical records and radiological images were analyzed both qualitatively by two senior chest radiologists as well as quantitatively via an artificial intelligence software. Results We identified 5 family clusters (13/19, 68.4％) from the study cohort. All cases had good clinical prognoses and were either mild (3/19) or moderate (16/19) clinical types. Fever (15/19, 78.9％) and dry cough (11/19, 57.9％) were common symptoms. Two patients received negative results for more than three consecutive viral nucleic acid tests. The longest interval between an initial CT abnormal finding and a confirmed diagnosis was 30 days. One patient's nucleic acid test turned positive on the follow-up examination after discharge. The presence of radiological abnormalities was non-specific for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Conclusions COVID-19 patients with mild or no clinical symptoms are common in Beijing, China. Radiological abnormalities are mostly non-specific and massive CT examinations for COVID-19 screening should be avoided. Analyses of the contact histories of diagnosed cases in combination with clinical, radiological and laboratory findings are crucial for the early detection of COVID-19. Close monitoring after discharge is also recommended.     

A theoretical framework for cognitive and non-cognitive interventions for older adults: stimulation versus compensation

Background: Recently, interest in cognitive training for older adults has grown significantly, reflecting a need for preserving the quality of life into late adulthood. In spite of increasing interest in cognitive rehabilitation, recent meta-analyses have questioned reported training gains and determined that cognitive gain from cognitive training might be no larger than the gain observed from active controls such as unspecific, non-cognitive activities.

Aims: This paper presents a theoretical framework for clarifying specificity of cognitive training by exploring mechanisms of current cognitive and non-cognitive interventions for older adults. By differentiating compensatory aspects from the components of specific and non-specific stimulation in current training, two related strategies of interventions for age-related cognitive decline, i.e., stimulation versus compensation, are proposed.

Overview: Current interventions for age-related cognitive decline are reviewed in terms of stimulation- and compensation-focused interventions. Stimulation-focused, cognitive and non-cognitive training, with or without specific targets, tend to result in general improvement in attention and sensory or other cognitive functions. Meanwhile, compensation-focused training is likely to be the most effective when the intervention specifically supports the frontally mediating activity in accordance with the direction of indigenous adjustments in the aging brain.

Conclusions: It can be inferred that stimulation-focused training is to ameliorate the adverse effects of neurological aging, whereas compensation-focused cognitive training is primarily to facilitate compensatory adaptation in the brain.     

Circadian fluctuations in three types of sensory modules in healthy subjects

This study was designed to observe and compare the circadian fluctuations in tactile sense, joint reposition sense and two-point discrimination in healthy subjects. Twenty-one healthy adult subjects received perceptual ability tests through these three different sensory modules at approximately 9：00, 13：00 and 18：00 in a day. The distribution of ranking for perceptual ability was significantly different among the three different time points in each individual, with highest perceptual ability in the evening compared with noon and morning, in terms of tactile sense and two-point discrimination. These findings suggest that the perceptual ability of healthy subjects fluctuates according to the time points in a day.     

VEGF、TGF-β1、NF-κBp65在颅内海绵状血管瘤的表达及意义

目的探讨脑海绵状血管瘤（CCH）组织血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）、转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、核转录因子κBp65（NF-κBp65）的表达及意义。方法收集我院2009年6月到2011年12月CCH标本27例,脑动静脉畸形（AVM）标本9例和正常脑组织标本（颅脑损伤或癫痫术中切取的脑组织）6例,用免疫组化方法检测VEGF、TGF-β1、NF-κBp65的表达。结果CCH组织VEGF、NF-κBp65阳性表达率（分别是96．3％和70．4％）显著高于正常脑组织（分别为33．3％和0;P〈0．05）,而与脑AVM组织（分别是77．8％和44．4％）无显著差异（P〉0．05）;脑AVM组织TGF-β1表达阳性率（100％）显著高于CCH组织（33.3％,P〈0．05）和正常脑组织（16．7％,P〈0．05）。结论VEGF、TGF-β1、NF-κBp65在不同组织表达水平不一样,提示VEGF、NF-κBp65与CCH形成有关,而TGF-β1可能在其形成过程中意义不大。     

护士长工作疲溃感和婚姻质量相关性的研究进展

简述了工作疲渍感、婚姻质量的概念及其关系，并对护士长工作疲渍感和婚姻质量的研究现状进行综述。