Regional Variation in Wound Contraction of Mohs Surgery Defects Allowed to Heal by Second Intention

BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of wound contraction results in a decrease in wound size and a healed scar significantly smaller than the original defect. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken (1) to determine the amount of wound contraction in Mohs surgery defects allowed to heal by second intention, (2) to evaluate for regional differences in wound contraction based on the facial anatomic zones for second intention healing described by Zitelli, and (3) to determine whether regional differences in wound contraction account for observed differences in cosmetic outcome. METHODS: One hundred sixty secondarily healed Mohs surgery defects limited to the head and neck having a wound age of greater than 12 weeks in 102 consecutively examined patients were carefully measured with a tissue caliper. The percent wound contraction was calculated and compared for each Zitelli anatomic subunit. The final shape of the wound (quantitatively described) and the cosmetic acceptability (subjectively rated by the patient and examiner) were also compared with the percent wound contraction for each anatomic area. RESULTS: Both NEET (concave surface of the nose, eye, ear, and temple) and FAIR (forehead, antihelix, eyelids, and the remainder of the nose, lips, and cheeks) areas were identical in terms of mean wound contraction (74%), cosmetic acceptability (97%), and conversion to a wound shape with a ratio of maximal length to width of greater than 3.0 (fusiform and linear shapes) (52%). NOCH areas (convex surface of the nose, oral lips, cheeks and chin, and the helix of the ear) demonstrated less wound contraction (66%), cosmetic acceptability (78%), and fusiform-linear conversion (29%). Subset differences and variables that appear to influence wound contraction are discussed. Secondarily healed wounds in areas with one or more positive contraction variables contract 75%, whereas defects in areas with negative contraction variables contract 55%. CONCLUSIONS: Regional differences in wound contraction of secondarily healed head and neck wounds exist and account for some differences in cosmetic acceptability. Scar location, regardless of the degree of wound contraction, is the most important factor for the final cosmetic outcome.     

Endothelial dysfunction as a common link between erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is often not considered in the same context as such traditional cardiovascular conditions as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, or ischemic heart disease. The detection of ED might be one of the most powerful tools to help manage cardiovascular disease in men. Clinical research suggests that the penile vascular bed is a sensitive indicator of early systemic endothelial cell or smooth muscle dysfunction. ED could be one of the initial signs of oxidative stress that occurs before the development of the structural, occlusive cardiovascular disease. ED is becoming a barometer of overall global cardiovascular risk and should be viewed in this context rather than as “just a problem with the penis.” Asking men about ED as part of the review of systems is an effective means of practicing preventive vascular medicine.     

Clinical features fail to distinguish respiratory infections caused by Branhamella catarrhalis from those caused by Haemophilus influenzae

Branhamella catarrhalis is being isolated with increasing frequency from patients with symptoms and signs of respiratory tract infection. Records of 77 patients were reviewed to define the spectrum of respiratory illness and to compare clinical and laboratory features with those of respiratory infection due to Haemophilus influenzae. Both B catarrhalis and H influenzae caused respiratory infection predominantly in elderly males with underlying heart or lung disease. There were no clinical or laboratory features aside from sputum Gram stain and culture which differentiated the two groups. Although fewer than one-half of each group received antibiotics, no patient developed progressive respiratory disease.     

Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of chromosome 12p in paraffin-embedded tissue is useful for establishing germ cell origin of metastatic tumors.

The over-representation of chromosome 12p sequences is crucial for the development of invasive testicular germ cell tumors. Testicular cancer patients may have metastatic tumors of diverse histologic types, including adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, sarcoma, or other malignancies that lack features of germ cell tumors. We sought to investigate the possible germ cell origin of such tumors using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. In all, 10 metastatic malignant somatic-type tumors from patients with histories of testicular cancer, as well as one malignant somatic-type tumor from a patient with primary mediastinal germ cell tumor were studied and included: adenocarcinoma (five cases), poorly differentiated carcinoma (one), sarcoma (four), and neuroendocrine carcinoma (one). The tumors were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization using 12p spectrum green and 12 centromeric spectrum orange probes in paraffin sections. The patients ranged in age from 27 to 55 years (mean, 43). Colon and lung cancers from patients without germ cell tumors were used as controls. Adequate signals were observed in all tumors. Gain of chromosome 12p was seen in six tumors. None of the control tumors showed 12p amplification. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for 12p amplification in routinely processed surgical specimens is a useful adjuvant diagnostic tool in confirming the germ cell origin of metastatic tumors having the histologic appearance of somatic-type neoplasms.     

Dronabinol reduces signs and symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a case report.

A case is presented in which a woman diagnosed with a longstanding history of idiopathic intracranial hypertension reported improvement of frontal headaches, photophobia, transient blindness, enlarged blind spots, and tinnitus after smoking marijuana. All these symptoms and signs were associated with increased intracranial pressure (220-425 mm of water). Treatment with dronabinol at a dose of 10 mg twice a day, then reduced to 5 mg twice a day, relieved all of her symptoms. Previously noted papilledema and enlargement of blind spots also resolved, and this, in the absence of psychoactive effect or weight gain.     

TOOTH WHITENING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

The popularity of vital tooth whitening has increased significantly over the past two decades. Professionally supervised "in-office" and "at-home" tooth whitening methods have been documented in the literature with evidence of safety and effectiveness. Although the literature includes considerable information about vital tooth whitening in adults, minimal information is available concerning vital tooth whitening in children and adolescents.
The need to provide vital tooth whitening for children might be infrequent owing to the natural whiteness of children's teeth. However, there are circumstances when tooth whitening can be desirable for children, such as fluorosis discoloration, generalized tooth darkening, post-traumatic injury discoloration, and postorthodontic tooth discoloration.
Few well-controlled clinical trials evaluating the safety and effectiveness of vital tooth whitening in children are available in the literature, Furthermore, these published clinical trials were carried out by the same principal investigator. This review examines these trials and offers recommendations accordingly.