Synthesis,characterization and photoreaction of side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers and copolymers comprising alkenyloxy-biphenyl mesogen

Photoreactive (meth)acrylate monomers having mesogenic groups based on 4-hexyloxy-4′-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)biphenyl and 4-hexyloxy-4′-(2-butenyloxy)biphenyl were synthesized. Methacrylate monomers ( 3c, d ) and acrylate monomer having 3-methyl-2-butenyloxy group ( 3b ) were polymerized by free radical mechanism; the acrylate monomer having 2-butenyloxy group ( 3a ) caused gelation during the polymerization. To obtain photoreactivity, 4-benzoylphenyl (meth)acrylates were radically copolymerized with monomers 3b and 3d . Thermal behavior of (co)polymers was determined by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and temperature-controlled X-ray analysis. (Co)polymers showed liquid-crystalline behaviour with nematic and smectic phases. UV-irradiation was used to photochemically crosslink copolymer films, and the resultant films were insoluble in organic solvents. The uniaxially oriented copolymer thin film was photo-crosslinked and showed thermally stable orientation.     

Anti-Oxidative Therapy with Oral Dapsone Improved HCV Antibody Positive Annular Elastolytic Giant Cell Granuloma

A 72-year-old fisherman who was positive for the HCV antibody developed an annular, erythematous, infiltrated lesions on sun-exposed areas. The lesions were diagnosed as annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma both clinically and histologically. Topical corticosteroid and cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen for several months failed to improve the lesions. We then started dapsone, a known anti-oxidant, at 50 mg/day. A month later, the margins of the erythematous lesions faded, and the infiltration gradually decreased. No recurrence has been observed for one year after the start of the therapy. Anti-oxidative therapy appears to be effective for annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma and could be an alternate therapy for refractory granulomatous disease.     

Bleeding from foveolar hyperplasia developing on a gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach

A 52‐year‐old Japanese woman who presented with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding underwent a proximal gastrectomy for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a foveolar hyperplasia at the apex of the tumor, 4.5 cm in size, located in the upper body of the stomach. Although GIST are often asymptomatic and are found only incidentally, clinical symptoms such as bleeding, abdominal pain, or obstruction, occasionally lead to a premorbid diagnosis. When submucosal tumors present GI bleeding, the source of the bleeding usually is an ulceration of the mucosa over the tumor. However, in the present study, it was thought that the bleeding originated from the region of foveolar hyperplasia.     

NASOGALLBLADDER DRAINAGE FOR MIRIZZI’S SYNDROME

The authors experienced a case of Mirizzi’s syndrome successfully treated with endoscopic nasogallbladder drainage (ENGBD). The patient was a 63‐year‐old man. He was admitted with abdominal pain and jaundice. Laboratory data indicated leukocytosis and elevation of serum bilirubin level. Abdominal ultrasound showed marked swelling of gallbladder and debris in the gallbladder, therefore, the authors strongly suspected Mirizzi’s syndrome. He had past history of acute myocardial infarction and treated with anticoagulation therapy. Then, the authors couldn’t perform surgical removal or percutaneous transhepatic drainage, and tried endoscopic transpapillary drainage. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed smooth stricture in the superior portion of common bile duct and occlusion of the cystic duct, and ENGBD was then performed. After ENGBD, his complaints, laboratory data, swelling of gallbladder and stricture of common bile duct were all remarkably improved.     

The current role of preoperative and intraoperative autologous blood donation in pediatric open-heart surgery

Objective: We assessed the current role of preoperative and intraoperative autologous blood donation in pediatric open-heart surgery. Methods: Group 1 consisted of 51 patients between 5 and 10 years old who underwent preoperative autologous blood donation. Group 2 consisted of 50 age-matched patients without preoperative donation as controls. Intraoperative donation was conducted in both groups prior to cardiopulmonary bypass. We evaluated perioperative blood cell count, blood loss, and the need for homologous blood products. Results: No serious complications occurred in preoperative or intraoperative donation. Total preoperative donation storage was 17.5±3.4 mL/kg. Intraoperative donation was 21.7 ±6.1 mL/kg in Group 1 and 12.8±4.0 mL/kg in Group 2 (p<0.001). On admission, serum hemoglobin was lower in Group 1 (12.2±1.0 g/dL versus 13.6±1.6 g/dL, p<0.001) but returned postoperatively to the preoperative value. It hovered at a depressed level in Group 2 (12.2±1.4 versus 10.2±1.1 g/dL, p<0.001). The homologous blood requirement was significantly less in Group 1 than in Group 2 (0% versus 10%, p<0.05). Postoperative platelet counts showed similar curves, and blood loss was not statistically significantly different between groups. Conclusion: Preoperative and intraoperative donations are safe and continue to contribute uniquely to blood conservation, providing important options in comprehensive blood conservation programs in current pediatric open-heart surgery.     

N10 potential as an antidromic motor evoked potential in a median nerve short-latency somatosensory evoked potential study.

When stimulating the mixed nerve to record evoked potential, both sensory and motor fibers are activated before entering the spinal cord. The N10 potential has been described as an antidromic motor evoked potential based on results obtained by recording at the anterior midneck. In the present study, we examined the changes in latencies of Erb's potential, N10, and N13 by stimulating the median nerve distally at the wrist and proximally at the elbow. The conduction velocity of N10 calculated by the difference between N10 latencies at the two stimulation points was consistent with motor conduction velocity, although N13 conduction velocity estimated by the same method reflected a sensory conduction velocity. A positive relation was also observed between the indirect latency from the stimulation point to the anterior root as calculated using the equation (F - M - 1) / 2 (ms) and the direct latency to the negative peak of the N10 potential. Our data support the notion that N10 represents antidromic motor potential originating in the spinal entry zone of the anterior root.