骨质疏松性骨折手术治疗策略

骨质疏松性骨折是老年人中最常见的骨骼系统疾病之一，具有发病率高、致残率高、致死率高和医疗支出大等特点。由于患者的骨质量差，粉碎性骨折多见，内固定治疗稳定性差，卧床时间较长，再骨折发生率高，因而，骨质疏松性骨折的手术治疗亦面临着诸多挑战。本文对近年来骨质疏松性骨折手术治疗的原则和技术进行回顾和总结。     

双膦酸盐治疗股骨非典型性骨折的研究进展

骨质疏松症为一种有较高发病率和死亡率的病症,会导致患者骨折风险增加。双膦酸盐已在许多大型临床试验中被证明可降低骨质疏松性骨折的风险,特别是阿仑膦酸钠已广泛成功地用于骨质疏松症的治疗。双膦酸盐可抑制骨吸收（抑制破骨细胞活性）,同时也可引起骨小梁微损伤的积累或胶原纤维的老化。长期使用双膦酸盐会导致股骨非典型性骨折（AFF）风险增高。本文综述了与双膦酸盐相关AFF的发病机制和管理相关的6个主题,包括双膦酸盐作用机理、双膦酸盐相关AFF的发病机制、AFF的危险因素、双膦酸盐相关AFF的预防、双膦酸盐相关AFF的手术治疗、双膦酸盐相关AFF的医疗管理。     

Role of NOD2-regulated Snail expression in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in podocyte of diabetic nephropathy

Objective To observe the expression of NOD2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins in podocytes in high glucose environment, and explore the molecular mechanism of NOD2 involved in EMT. Methods The human glomerular podocytes were the subjects of study. α-SMA and Nephrin expressions were detected by immunofluorescence; the mRNA and protein expressions of NOD2, Snail and EMT related proteins (α-SMA , Desmin, E-cadherin, Nephrin) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The podocytes were stimulated by high-glucose after shRNA interfering the of NOD2 expression, and the expressions of Snail and subsequent EMT-related proteins were detected by Western blotting. Prior to the activation of NOD2 by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), shRNA was used to interfere with the expression of Snail. E-cadherin, Nephrin, Desmin, and α-SMA were detected by Western blotting. Results After 24 hours of high glucose stimulation, PCR and Western blotting results showed that the expressions of NOD2 and Snail were significantly increased; the expressions of epithelial phenotype proteins E-cadherin and Nephrin were down-regulated; and the expressions of interstitial phenotype proteins Desmin and α-SMA were increased (all P＜0.05); while there was no significant change in the hypertonic control group. After interference with NOD2, the abnormal expression of Snail and EMT related proteins were all recovered. After interference with Snail expression, Compared with the MDP group, the protein expressions of E-cadherin and Nephrin were significantly increased (all P＜0.05); the expressions of Desmin and α-SMA were significantly decreased. Conclusions High glucose can induce NOD2 expression in podocytes, and promote podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition by upregulating Snail expression. Gene intervention targeting the NOD2/Snail/EMT pathway can reduce high-glucose-induced podocyte injury and may provide new ideas for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.     

单中心经自然腔道腹膜外骶骨子宫固定术临床研究

目的探讨经阴道自然腔道内镜手术(natural orifice transluminalendoscopic surgery,NOTES)腹膜外骶骨子宫固定术治疗子宫脱垂的可行性、安全性和短期临床结局。 方法2016年12月至2017年12月前瞻性纳入第三军医大学西南医院妇产科诊断为子宫脱垂的患者,行经阴道NOTES腹膜外骶骨子宫固定术。统计患者人口学特征、围手术期参数和临床疗效。 结果14例患者尝试手术,其中13例(93%)成功完成;1例因术中腹膜破裂,无法维持腹膜外腔压力转为多孔腹腔镜手术。患者中位年龄49岁,体质量指数23.6 kg/m²,中位手术时间156 min,中位术中出血量100 ml。1例骶前出血,于术中双极电凝成功止血。术前POP-Q评分为Aa：0分;Ba：1分;C：2分;Ap：－3分;Bp：－3分。术后平均随访10个月,POP-Q评分为Aa：－2分;Ba：－2分;C：－7分;Ap：－3分;Bp：－3分。相关症状消失或明显改善,无性生活不适及性交痛,无网片侵蚀、暴露、感染等并发症。客观治愈率100%。 结论NOTES可安全、有效地完成经阴道NOTES腹膜外骶骨子宫固定术,但需要进一步的进行临床研究,评估其完整的临床应用。     

布鲁菌病研究进展

布鲁菌病是最常见的人畜共患病之一,呈全球范围流行,而我国近年来布鲁菌病发病率不断上升,给公众健康和社会经济带来的严重危害。布鲁菌病可以累及全身各个系统,若治疗不及时或不规范易复发或者呈现慢性化,甚至可以发生各种并发症而严重影响患者预后,故早诊断和早治疗至关重要。本文就布鲁菌病的病原学、流行现状、各系统临床表现以及实验室诊断和并发症的治疗进展进行综述。     

血清胱抑素C水平与急性缺血性脑卒中后抑郁共病状态的关系

目的 探讨血清胱抑素C水平与急性缺血性脑卒中后抑郁共病状态的关系。方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,选取2019年1月—2022年6月承德医学院附属医院100例急性缺血性脑卒中患者作为研究对象,根据发病2周时的汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-17）评分分为抑郁组与非抑郁组。对比两组临床资料及实验室指标,分析血清胱抑素C水平与急性缺血性脑卒中后抑郁共病状态的关系。结果 抑郁组大动脉粥样硬化型占比低于非抑郁组,影像学病变累及占比高于非抑郁组（P <0.05）。抑郁组与非抑郁组性别、年龄、梗死部位、吸烟史、入院时HAMD评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。抑郁组血清胱抑素C、同型半胱氨酸水平高于非抑郁组（P <0.05）。抑郁组与非抑郁组甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。小动脉闭塞型组胱抑素C、同型半胱氨酸水平高于其他TOAST分型组（P <0.05）。累及组胱抑素C、同型半胱氨酸水平高于未累及组（P <0.05）。多因素一般Logistic回归分析结果显示：高胱抑素C[O^R=26.330(95...     

眼窝再造联合义眼座置入术

目的评价烧伤后用全厚皮片行眼窝再造术联合羟基磷灰石义眼座置入的疗效。方法对10例由于铁水、强酸、强碱及火药烧伤引起的眼窝闭锁进行手术治疗。其中已摘除眼球者6例，有残留萎缩眼球者4例。对8例眼部烧伤患者行一期羟基磷灰石义眼座置入同时行全厚皮片移植眼窝再造术，2例为义眼座置入后二期行眼窝再造术。皮片取自上臂或大腿内侧，包裹自制眼模在置人羟基磷灰石义眼座后置入眼窝内，上下眼睑行睑缝合术，术后6～10个月剪开睑缘，定制义眼片。结果经8～36个月(平均23．2个月)的随访，皮片均成活，义眼座无暴露，无继发感染，患眼上下穹窿形成好，放置义眼片后外观满意，无义眼片自行脱出现象。结论对一些已无结膜组织的严重烧伤患者，用全厚皮片行眼窝再造术是较为有效的手术方法。     

P-cresol,a uremic toxin,decreases endothelial cell response to inflammatory cytokines

BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases are among the most morbid events in uremia. The uremic toxin p-cresol may play a role in the immunodeficiency of uremia by depressing phagocyte functional capacity. Leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, a key event in the immune response, is mediated by endothelial adhesion molecules. These include intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin, which are induced by various inflammatory cytokines. We asked whether p-cresol alters endothelial adhesion molecule expression and modifies endothelial/leukocyte adhesion. METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated with p-cresol in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Thereafter, the endothelial molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin were quantitated and the monocyte (THP-1) adhesion to HUVEC measured. RESULTS: P-cresol decreased cytokine-induced protein and mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In addition, p-cresol significantly decreased the adhesion of THP-1 to cytokine-stimulated HUVEC. CONCLUSIONS: P-cresol may play a role in the immune defect of uremic patients by inhibiting cytokine-induced endothelial adhesion molecule expression and endothelium/monocyte adhesion.     

Quantifying Tectonic and Geomorphic Interpretations of Thermochronometer Data with Inverse Problem Theory

Thermochronometer data offer a powerful tool for quantifying a wide range of geologic processes, such as the deformation and erosion of mountain ranges, topographic evolution, and hydrocarbon maturation. With increasing interest to quantify a wider range of complicated geologic processes, more sophisticated techniques are needed. This paper is concerned with an inverse problem method for interpreting the thermochronometer data quantitatively. Two novel models are proposed to simulate the crustal thermal fields and paleo mountain topography as a function of tectonic and surface processes. One is a heat transport model that describes the change of temperature of rocks; while the other is surface process model which explains the change of mountain topography. New computational algorithms are presented for solving the inverse problem of the coupled system of these two models. The model successfully provides a new tool for reconstructing the kinematic and the topographic history of mountains.     

单光子发射计算机断层扫描在颅脑创伤后的临床研究

目的 探索单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECF）在脑外伤评估及预后方面的价值的依据。方法 28例中、重度颅脑损伤患者分别于伤后3天、10天及3～4周接受SPECF、CT检查及临床评定。3个月后所有患者行脑外伤综合征的临床测试，对首检SPECF显像阳性者复查SPECF，分析首检SPECF显像阳性者与损伤程度的关系，动态观察SPECF显像与预后的关系。结果 SPECF显像阳性与脑损伤程度有关，首检SPECF显像阳性提示预后良好，复查SPECF显像阳性提示多出现脑外伤综合征。对幕上损伤患者表现的小脑症状、体征可以做出合理的解释。结论 在中至重度颅脑损伤后SPECF显像与CT扫描比较更敏感，脑SPECF具有无创性、功能性及灵敏性高等特点，是脑外伤后功能评估、预后判断及临床研究的可靠方法。