Effect of Pesticides and Chemical Fertilizers on the Nitrogen Cycle and Functional Microbial Communities in Paddy Soils: Bangladesh Perspective

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - The concept of the Nitrogen (N) cycle has been modified over the years based on certain new pathways, including comammox, anammox, and DNRA...     

Skeletonization of the atrioventricular node for AV node reentrant tachycardia: experience with 32 patients

We describe our experience with operative therapy for atrioventricular (AV) node tachycardia using an anatomically guided procedure. The operative rationale was to dissect the AV node from most of its atrial inputs (AV node "skeletonization") with the intent of altering the perinodal substrate and preventing reentry. The anteroseptal and posteroseptal regions were initially approached epicardially to facilitate identification of anatomical structures. Under normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, the right atrial septum was mobilized and the intermediate AV node was exposed anterior to the tendon of Todaro. Atrioventricular node conduction was monitored electrocardiographically throughout the procedure. Ablation of concomitant accessory pathways was done prior to AV node skeletonization. Thirty-two patients aged 9 to 67 years (mean age, 30 years) underwent operation. Five patients had concomitant accessory pathways in addition to AV node reentry. At electrophysiological study before discharge, no patient had AV block although anterograde and retrograde Wenckebach cycle lengths were significantly prolonged. Six patients had retrograde AV block. Twenty-nine patients are free from arrhythmia and require no antiarrhythmic medication after a follow-up of 1 month to 45 months (mean follow-up, 17 months). Three patients had recurrence of tachycardia ten days, 2 months, and 7 months postoperatively. All patients subsequently had a successful reoperation.     

乳头腺管口挑拨治疗急性乳腺炎32例

0　引言　急性乳腺炎是产后妇女的常见病 .我们采用针头挑拨治疗急性乳腺炎 32例 ,疗效显著 .1　临床资料　患者 32例 ,年龄 2 3～ 34 (平均 2 5 .3)岁 ,均为产后哺乳产妇 .其中患乳胀痛为共有症状 .伴发热 10例 ;右侧乳腺炎 14例 ,左侧乳腺炎 16例 ,双侧乳腺炎 2例 ;外上象限胀痛 6例 ,外下象限胀痛 8例 ,内上象限胀痛 7例 ,内下象限胀痛 6例 ,二象限同时胀痛 5例 .乳头均无破损 .患者取卧位 ,显露患乳 ,乳头以碘伏严密消毒后 ,术者持五号针头以指腹常规触诊患乳 ,触摸到肿胀部位后 ,沿乳腺管走行方向找到对应的乳头腺管口 ,以针尖轻轻挑拨…     

Mycosis fungoides : Tumour D'emblee

A 60-years old male patient presented with nodules and noduloulcerative lesions of mycosis fungoides (MF) of 6 months duration without any previous premycotic, patch or plaque stage.     

Nutritional correlates of acute respiratory infections

During October 1992 to June 1993 in eight villages covered by the Primary Health Center Machhra in Meerut District, India, interviews with mothers and examinations of 1600 children aged less than 5 years (under-fives) were conducted to examine the relationship between acute respiratory infection (ARI) and malnutrition. 42.25% of all children had an ARI within the last 15 days. Most ARIs (73.4%) were considered mild (cough and cold with no pneumonia). Pneumonia accounted for 19.5% of all ARI cases, which were considered moderate. The remaining ARI cases were severe (severe and very severe pneumonia). 57.5% of all children suffered from protein energy malnutrition (PEM). 78.6% of children aged 12-14 months had PEM. ARI was more common among malnourished children than well-nourished children (52.2% vs. 28.8%; p 0.001). The incidence of ARI increased as the nutritional status deteriorated (p 0.05). It also increased as the midarm circumference decreased (p 0.001). These findings confirm the synergistic action between malnutrition and infection, in this case ARI. Malnourished children suffer considerable impairment in immunity, especially cellular immunity, which makes them more prone to ARI. These findings reinforce the need to strengthen the quality, quantity, and accessibility of nutritional services, particularly promotion of breast feeding and vitamin A supplementation.     

Measurement of surface alpha contamination using electret ion chambers.

Electret ion chambers are inexpensive, light-weight, commercially available, passive charge-integrating devices for accurate measurement of different radiations. Performance of electret ion chambers for surface alpha contamination measurement was evaluated. Ion chambers of two types and electrets of three thicknesses were used for the study. Calibration of the electret ion chambers was performed using reference alpha standards of different energies and radioactivities. Effects of various parameters such as chamber dimensions, electret thickness, alpha particle energy, position of alpha source from the chamber centerline, source localized or uniformly distributed, level of alpha contamination, Mylar window covering the chamber, and ambient radon and gamma radiation on the response of the electret ion chambers were determined. Suitable combinations of chambers and electrets to measure surface alpha contamination were determined.     

Nutritional status of pavement dweller children of Calcutta City

Pavement dwelling is likely to aggravate malnutrition among its residents due to extreme poverty, lack of dwelling and access to food and their exposure to polluted environment. Paucity of information about nutritional status of street children compared to that among urban slum dwellers, squatters or rural/tribal population is quite evident. The present study revealed the magnitude of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and few associated factors among a sample of 435 underfives belonging to pavement dweller families and selected randomly from clusters of such families, from each of the five geographical sectors of Calcutta city. Overall prevalence of PEM was found almost similar (about 70%) to that among other 'urban poor' children viz. slum dwellers etc., but about 16% of them were found severely undernourished (Grade III & V of IAP classification of PEM). About 35% and 70% of street dweller children had wasting and stunting respectively. Severe PEM (Grade III & IV) was more prevalent among 12-23 months old, girl child, those belonged to illiterate parents and housewife mothers rather than wage earners. It also did increase with increase of birth rate of decrease of birth interval.     

Primary liposarcoma of the orbit: a clinicopathological study

Primary liposarcoma of the orbit is a rare tumour. There are very few cases of orbital liposarcoma reported in the literature, mostly of the myxoid variety. In this paper, the authors report the clinical presentation, histopathological features, results of diagnostic studies and management of a case of orbital low grade myxoliposarcoma with local recurrence, together with a review of the literature.     

Pregnancy outcome in patients with repeat visits to the labor observation area near term

Patients whose pregnancies are near term and who repeatedly visit the labor observation area but are found not to be in labor and have no clear diagnosis for their complaints remain a source of concern for the obstetrician. In order to determine whether this is a population with special perinatal risks, such cases were reviewed over a 4-month period at Charity Hospital in New Orleans. Seventy-one patients were identified who had repeatedly visited the labor observation area near term. Compared with those in the general obstetrics population, these patients had a significantly increased risk of cesarean section for "failure to progress." Repeat visitors to the labor observation area should be viewed as having a high risk for later abnormalities of active labor. Careful management of labor abnormalities in such patients could theoretically lower their need for cesarean section.