Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on a nano-silica triazine dendritic polymer: a recyclable and sustainable nanoreactor for C–S cross-coupling

Dendrimers are of great interest due to their special structural topology and chemical versatility. Owing to their properties, dendrimers have found practical applications in catalytic processes as efficient nanoreactors. Therefore, we herein report an environmentally attractive strategy and highly efficient route for the synthesis of a wide variety of diaryl sulfides using palladium nanoparticles immobilized on a nano-silica triazine dendritic polymer (Pd_np-nSTDP) as a nanoreactor. In this manner, different diaryl or aryl heteroaryl sulfides and bis(aryl/heteroarylthio)benzene/anthracene/pyridine derivatives were prepared via C–S cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with diaryl/diheteroaryl disulfides under thermal conditions and microwave irradiation. The catalyst could be easily recovered and reused several times without any significant loss of its activity.

Efficient synthesis of diaryl sulfides via C–S cross-coupling of aryl halides with disulfides catalyzed by Pd_np-nSTDP is reported.     

Co-administration of CpG oligonucleotides and chenopodium album extract reverse IgG2a/IgG1 ratios and increase IFN-gamma and IL-10 productions in a murine model of asthma

Asthma is a disorder of increasing severity and prevalence. Recent knowledge about the pathogenesis of asthma emphasizes its inflammatory nature. CpG oligonucleotides are a class of compounds containing motifs based on the cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpG-ODNs). These motifs are suppressed in mammalian DNA. They induce inflammation in mammals characterized by the induction of T helper type 1 and regulatory responses. In this paper, the effect of CpG DNA co-administration with a homemade Chenopodium album (Ch.a) extract in a murine model of asthma is reported for the first time. Balb/C mice were sensitized using Ch.a. pollen allergenic extract plus CpG-ODNs intraperitoneally and were challenged with aerosolized allergen. Results measured included IL-10 and IFN-gamma cytokines as well as IgG subclasses. For this, splenocytes from mice treated with CpG/Ag or Ag alone, were cultured in the presence of antigen. The results showed that CpG ODN administered at the time of Ch.a sensitization, effectively increased cytokines and IgG2a/IgG1 ratios compared with those in mice treated with antigen or with PBS alone(P相似文献   

Nutritional status in intensive care unit patients: a prospective clinical cohort pilot study

Previous researches have shown that the nutritional status of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) was poor on admission and appears to decline during their stay in the ICU. Critically ill patients are prone to malnutrition because their hypermetabolic disorders lead to an increase in nutritional requirements that are not often met with the nutrition supplied. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and hs-CRP of ICU patients on admission and discharge from the hospital. Twenty-nine neurological ICU patients (20–87 years old) underwent fasting blood sample collections, anthropometric measurements and impedance analysis on admission and discharge at Ghaem Teaching Hospital. NRS 2002 was used to determine malnutrition in ICU patients. Markers of nutritional status changed from admission into the ICU until discharge as follows: weight, BMI and triceps skinfold thickness decreased (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.005, respectively). hs-CRP was decreased over the stay in the hospital (admission = 19.4 ± 16.3, discharge = 13.8 ± 14.5, p value = 0.11). The percent of patients at risk of malnutrition decreased during stay in ICU (not significant). Prevalence of malnutrition was as high as 47.6% on admission. The nutritional status of patients was slightly improved over the period of their stay in hospital using NRS 2002 method.     

GABAergic hyperinnervation of dentate granule cells in the Ts65Dn mouse model of down syndrome: Exploring the role of App

It has been suggested that increased GABAergic innervation in the hippocampus plays a significant role in cognitive dysfunction in Down syndrome (DS). Bolstering this notion, are studies linking hyper‐innervation of the dentate gyrus (DG) by GABAergic terminals to failure in LTP induction in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS. Here, we used extensive morphometrical methods to assess the status of GABAergic interneurons in the DG of young and old Ts65Dn mice and their 2N controls. We detected an age‐dependent increase in GABAergic innervation of dentate granule cells (DGCs) in Ts65Dn mice. The primary source of GABAergic terminals to DGCs somata is basket cells (BCs). For this reason, we assessed the status of these cells and found a significant increase in the number of BCs in Ts65Dn mice compared with controls. Then we aimed to identify the gene/s whose overexpression could be linked to increased number of BCs in Ts65Dn and found that deleting the third copy of App gene in Ts65Dn mice led to normalization of the number of BCs in these mice. Our data suggest that App overexpression plays a major role in the pathophysiology of GABAergic hyperinnervation of the DG in Ts65Dn mice. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Atypical parkinsonism can be a presenting feature of late‐onset Huntington's disease

Huntington''s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that typically manifests with Choreic movements, psychological disorders, and cognitive decline. Some patients can initially present atypical movements other than the usual symptoms, such as parkinsonism, ataxia, and dystonia. In this report, we present an HD patient who presented with atypical parkinsonism.