Strategies for myelin regeneration: lessons learned from development

Myelin regeneration is indispensably important for patients suffering from several central nervous system （CNS） disorders such as multiple sclerosis （MS） and spinal cord injury （SCI）, because it is not only essential for restoring neurophysiology, but also protects denuded axons for secondary degeneration. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying remyelination is critical for the development of remyelination-specific therapeutic approaches. As remyelination shares certain common mechanisms with developmental myelination, knowledge from study of developmental myelination contributes greatly to emerging myelin regeneration therapies, best evidenced as the recently developed human anti-Nogo receptor interacting protein-1 （LINGO-1） monoclonal antibodies to treat MS patients in clinical trials.     

Three new Lycopodium alkaloids from Lycopodium japonicum

Three new Lycopodium alkaloids (1–3), together with 15 known alkaloids, were isolated from club moss Lycopodium japonicum. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Compound 1 has an unusual β-oriented methyl group substituted at C-15 and an α-hydroxy cyclopentenone moiety. All new alkaloids were evaluated for the inhibition of T-type calcium channel.     

Macrolide sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids from the stems of Tripterygium regelii

Nine new monomacrolide sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids, macroregelines A–I (1–9), were isolated from the stems of Tripterygium regelii, along with a known alkaloid, tripfordine B. The structures of all the isolated compounds were characterized by extensive one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses, as well as high-resolution electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) data. Compounds 4, 5, 6, and 8 showed antiproliferative effect on human rheumatoid arthritis synovial cell line MH7A at concentration of 20 μM, reducing their viability by 7.5, 18.0, 9.0, and 18.2 %, respectively.

     

The clinical efficacy of acupoint sticking combined with massage to treatment functional dyspepsia: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:The objective of this meta-analysis was to summarize and identify the available evidence from studies to estimate the clinical value of acupoint sticking combined with massage (ASM) in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD), and provide clinicians with evidence on which to base their clinical decision making.Methods:This review will include all studies comparing clinical efficacy of ASM in the treatment of FD. The search strategy will be performed in 10 databases. We will not establish any limitations to language and publication status, published from inception to the August 2020. Two reviewers will screen, select studies, extract data, and assess quality independently. Outcome is alleviation of global dyspeptic symptoms, alleviation of individual dyspeptic symptoms, quality-of-life improvement, and safety. The methodological quality including the risk of bias of the included studies will be evaluated. We will carry out statistical analysis using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:This study will summarize current evidence to assess the efficacy and safety of ASM in the treatment of FD.Conclusion:The findings of this study will provide helpful evidence for the clinician, and will promote further studies, as well as studying the value of ASM.Registration number:INPLASY2020110072 (DOI number: 10.37766/inplasy2020.11.0072).     

Accelerated cerebral vascular injury in diabetes is associated with vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction

Individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to cerebral vascular aging. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well elucidated. The present study ex     

Interim response in diffuse large B cell lymphoma on CT: what is the optimal size reduction (ΔSPD) for predicting outcome?

European Radiology - To investigate whether there was an optimal interim size reduction (iΔSPD) cutoff value that could discriminate diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with poor...     

Investigation of Drug Delivery in Rats via Subcutaneous Injection: Case Study of Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Suspension Formulations

With the rising cost of drug research, “do more with less” has become a new emphasis in the pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, the early analysis of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, efficacy, and safety parameters for a new drug target is critical for ensuring informed decision-making as soon as possible during the drug discovery process. When absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of compounds are suboptimal which is especially true during the early stages of drug discovery, obtaining the desired exposure can be challenging via the most common routes (oral, intravenous). Therefore, subcutaneous (SC) injection is often explored as an alternate route of delivery. Although SC injection is used widely in the industry, information about how to model and predict the absorption of drugs administered via SC injection is not readily available. In the current research, we analyzed the absorption behavior of 12 model compounds covering a wide range of physicochemical properties following SC injection. We introduced a compound-specific parameter, the absorption factor from single SC injections of suspension doses of each compound, to aid in modeling and predicting of drug absorption profiles. The pharmacokinetic models derived in this study are capable of describing and predicting the absorption properties of SC injection for individual compounds.