BKV in Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Leading Cause of Renal Graft Loss in First 2 Years Post-Transplant

With the introduction of more potent immunosuppressive agents, rejection has decreased in simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplant (SPK) recipients. However, as a consequence, opportunistic infections have increased. The purpose of this report is to outline the course of SPK patients who developed polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN). A retrospective review of 146 consecutive SPK recipients from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2002 was performed. Immunosuppression, rejection and development of PVAN were reviewed. Nine patients were identified. All received induction with either OKT3 or thymoglobulin. Immunosuppression included tacrolimus/cyclosporine, MMF/azathioprine and sirolimus/prednisone. Two patients were treated for kidney rejection prior to the diagnosis of PVAN. Time to diagnosis was an average of 359.3 days post-transplantation. Immunosuppression was decreased but five ultimately lost function. However, none developed pancreatic abnormalities as demonstrated by normal glucose and amylase. Two underwent renal retransplantation after PVAN diagnosis and both have normal kidney function. PVAN was the leading cause of renal loss in SPK patients in the first 2 years after transplantation and is a serious concern for SPK recipients. The pancreas, however, is spared from evidence of infection, and no pancreatic rejection occurred when immunosuppression was decreased.     

Intra-lesional injections of collagenase are ineffective in the treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars.

The treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars remains difficult. Enzymatic digestion of keloid scars has been previously proposed as an effective treatment strategy for reducing the volume of keloid scars. To test this, we administered intra-lesional injections of pure collagenase (between 600 and 4500 units for each scar) into the keloid and hypertrophic scars of seven human volunteers (five keloid and two hypertrophic scars). Five patients (three keloid and two hypertrophic) received more than one injection of collagenase. The treatment resulted in a temporary reduction in scar volume for three of the patients with keloid scars. However, scar volumes for these three patients returned to the same (or greater) levels after 6 months of follow-up. Treatment with collagenase produced no change in scar volume for the two patients with hypertrophic scar. Side effects were numerous and severe including; pain, swelling, blistering, ulceration and ecchymosis at the site of injection. One patient required admission to hospital for 48 h after the first injection. Maximum length of follow-up was 6 months. None of the seven patients completed the study and returned for final follow-up at 2 years. This pilot study suggests that treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars with intra-lesional injections of collagenase is ineffective.     

Fabrication of porous hollow silica nanoparticles and their applications in drug release control.

Preparation and characterization of porous hollow silica nanoparticles (PHSN) for controlled release applications were investigated. Through orthogonally designed experiments, the optimal synthesis conditions for the preparation of PHSN were obtained and the produced PHSN were characterized by BET, SEM, TEM and IR. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images revealed their hollow shell-core structure and also demonstrated that the size and shape of PHSN are determined by the templating CaCO3 nanoparticles. The produced PHSN were applied as a carrier to study the controlled release behaviors of Brilliant Blue F (BB), which was used as a model drug. Being loaded into the inner core and on the surfaces of the nanoparticles, BB was released slowly into a bulk solution for about 1140 min as compared to only 10 min for the normal SiO2 nanoparticles, thus exhibited a typical sustained release pattern without any burst effect. In addition, higher BET of the carriers, lower pH value and lower temperature prolonged BB release from PHSN, while stirring speed showed little influence on the release behavior. It showed that PHSN have a promising future in controlled drug delivery applications.     

护理业务流程再造现状分析及对策

目的了解护士对护理业务流程再造的知晓度及需求,找出流程再造存在的问题,针对存在问题提出相应的对策。方法采用问卷调查方法,调查广东省16所县级以上医院287名护士对护理业务流程再造的认识情况。结果护士对护理流程再造的知晓现状与临床状况不尽人意;护士认为进行护理流程优化再造是必要的和重要的;现有的护理流程存在的问题是流程流于形式、不完善及实用性不强。结论要进行护理流程再造,必须转变观念,加强在职培训,设计精简、方便、实用的护理流程。     

过敏性疾病63例生物共振脱敏效果观察

目的观察生物共振治疗系统对过敏性疾病进行脱敏治疗的效果。方法应用生物共振治疗仪对135例过敏性疾病患者进行过敏原测定,并对其中63例进行系统的脱敏治疗。结果63例患者脱敏治疗的总优良率为82.5%。变应性皮炎、过敏性鼻炎、过敏性哮喘三组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单纯变应性皮炎较单纯变应性皮炎合并其他过敏症患者的疗效显著(P<0.01)。结论生物共振脱敏治疗无任何不良反应,是一种比较理想的过敏性疾病的治疗方法。     

排粪造影对便秘成因的影像诊断

目的：通过回顾性比较分析用排粪造影法探讨便秘成因及临床应用价值。方法：分析排粪造影者276例资料和图像。结果：在便秘患者中总体阳性率为57．1％，其中功能出口性梗阻者占总体阳性中95．2％，而器质性出口梗阻为4．8％，女性患者以直肠前突多见，男性患者以直肠黏膜脱垂多见。结论：排粪造影对下消化道便秘成因的检查具有较高的诊断价值，为临床治疗提供客观依据，指导临床治疗原则。     

不同负荷运动训练对大鼠红细胞膜特性的影响

本文采用实验研究方法,通过对大鼠运动后红细胞数量,Hb浓度及体重等一般情况的检测,拟对其施加不同负荷的训练,观察训练后大鼠红细胞膜流动性及红细胞膜脂质成分的变化,进一步讨论运动后红细胞功能及机体机能所发生的变化。实验结果表明,小负荷的运动训练通过改善RBCM脂质组成,增加p/c比值、增强其抗氧化能力等增加RBCM流动性,使红细胞的变形能力增加,有利于其运氧功能的发挥。大负荷训练后RBCM流动性下降,提示不同负荷的运动训练会引起机体产生不同的变化,进而导致机体运动水平上的差异,整体携氧能力下降。     

多发性骨髓瘤合并肾功能不全38例临床和预后分析

目的研究多发性骨髓瘤合并肾功能不全的临床特点及肾功能可逆性的相关因素和生存相关因素。方法回顾性分析1999-01~2003-12北京协和医院收治的91例初治多发性骨髓瘤及其中38例多发性骨髓瘤合并肾功能不全患者的临床资料。结果91例初治多发性骨髓瘤中有38例(41·8%)合并肾功能不全。合并肾功能不全的患者病程进展更快,贫血更严重,血乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)质量浓度更高,以及尿蛋白量更多,同时对化疗的反应更差及生存时间更短。其中34·2%的患者肾功能不全是可逆的,血肌酐和LDH是肾功能可逆的独立预测因素。肾功能可逆患者的生存时间与肾功能正常患者的生存时间比较差异无显著性意义。Cox生存多因素分析发现肾功能可逆性(B=1·294,EXP(B)=3·647,P=0·001)是与生存惟一相关的因素。结论肾功能不全是多发性骨髓瘤常见并发症,相当一部分患者的肾功能可以恢复正常,血肌酐水平和LDH水平是肾功能可逆的重要因素,肾功能可逆性是独立的生存预后因素。