Effects of butylated hydroxyanisole on the development and functions of reproductive system in rats

Butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) is a widely used antioxidant for long preservation of food products, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Although BHA is generally recognized as safe, it is classified as a suspected endocrine-disrupting compound. We investigated the effects of BHA on reproductive function and development by the treatment of mature male and female SD rats (F0) through pre-gestation, gestation and lactation period and of their offspring (F1) until 13 weeks old via gavage with BHA 0 (corn oil, vehicle control), 10, 100 and 500 mg/kg bw/day. Organ weights of liver, adrenal gland and thyroid gland of F0 rats were increased by BHA 500 mg/kg but those of spleen and ventral prostate were decreased without significant difference in terminal body weight. Reduced serum testosterone and thyroxine (T4) were observed with dose-dependent manner in F0 male rats. Mating rate was decreased and cohabitation duration for conception was longer without differences in the number, motility and morphology of sperm by BHA 500 mg/kg. Body weight of F1 offspring was significantly decreased with change of relative weight of liver and brain by BHA 500 mg/kg at PND21. Sexual maturation indicated by vaginal opening and preputial separation was delayed by BHA 500 mg/kg. The weights of liver and adrenal gland were increased while those of spleen, vagina, testes and ventral prostate were decreased in F1 rats exposed to BHA 100 or 500 mg/kg for 13 weeks. Also, BHA 500 mg/kg reduced the velocity of sperm motion and number with smaller-sized sperm head in F1 male rats and slightly shortened estrous cycle length with higher frequency of estrus and lower frequency of diestrus stages in F1 female rats. Lower serum T4 and testosterone contents with higher serum cholesterol levels were also observed by BHA 500 mg/kg. Increased follicular cell height, and exfoliated and vacuolated follicular epithelial cells were observed in thyroids of F1 female and males rats exposed to BHA 500 mg/kg. This study elucidates that high dose of BHA induce weak dysfunction and underdevelopment of reproductive system of male and female rats with the change of T4 and testosterone levels, sex organ weights and sexual maturation and histological lesions of thyroid gland.     

Outcome of Endodontic Micro-resurgery: A Retrospective Study Based on Propensity Score–matched Survival Analysis

Introduction

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate and compare the outcome of endodontic micro-resurgery with that of primary endodontic microsurgery and determine prognostic factors affecting the outcome of micro-resurgery.

严重先天缺牙患者双侧双颧种植可行性的影像学评价

目的:探讨严重先天缺牙患者选择双侧双颧种植的可行性.方法:基于锥形束CT(cone-beamCT,CBCT)对21例严重先天缺牙患者行双侧双颧种植设计,测量虚拟植入的颧种植体在颧骨段影像学水平上的种植体-骨接触值(radiographic bone-to-implant contact,rBIC).采用SPSS 25....     

Prevalence of hyperuricemia and its associated factors in the general Korean population: an analysis of a population-based nationally representative sample

Clinical Rheumatology - Hyperuricemia is not only a risk factor for gout but also an independent determinant of hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases. Although the incidence of gout...     

C-DRG收付费与按病种分值付费实践政策比较△

梳理福建省三明市C-DRG收付费和厦门市按病种分值付费的改革背景与发展历程,比较两者基本概念、适用范围、病组与标准形成机制、技术支撑、结算政策等实践情况,两者有较多的相同点,也有一定的差异,医保支付方式改革需尊重多元诉求、因地制宜,综合两者优势有利于推动医保支付方式改革。