Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结微转移规律的研究

目的探讨几个问题：（1）Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结微转移比率；（2）淋巴结微转移与肿瘤大小、病理类型、细胞分化程度、部位、分型、分期进行Logstic回归分析，确定影响微转移的主要因素；（3）探讨微转移的方式、顺序。方法对91例非小细胞肺癌清扫的肺门和隆突下淋巴结进行MCK（AEI／AE3）免疫组化标志检测微转移的存在。另外收集45例肺部良性病变手术时切除的肺门淋巴结45枚和Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期肺癌常规病理检查阳性的肺门淋巴结45枚进行MCK（AEI／AE3）免疫组化（SP法）标志，分别作为阴性和阳性对照。结果45例肺部良性病变手术时切除的肺门淋巴结45枚进行MCK（AEI／AE3）免疫组化标志均为阴性；Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期常规病理检查阳性的肺门淋巴结45枚进行MCK（AEI／AE3）免疫组化标志均为阳性。91例Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌总的微转移率为49％（45／91）。结论Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结中存在微转移；Ⅰb期非小细胞肺癌微转移率明显高于Ⅰa期；有必要对Ⅰb期非小细胞肺癌进行术后化疗；肿瘤分期和分化程度是影响淋巴结微转移的主要因素；淋巴结微转移遵循肺门到纵隔的途径；腺癌存在跳跃式微转移。     

Poxvirus-based vaccine therapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer

Purpose  

An open-label Phase 1 study of recombinant prime-boost poxviruses targeting CEA and MUC-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer was conducted to determine safety, tolerability and obtain preliminary data on immune response and survival.     

Assessment of Women for Partner Abuse

Nearly 4 million women in the United States were physically hurt by their husbands or boyfriends in 1994. The health and well-being of these women and their children, as well as the women who are overlooked in these statistics, are jeopardized by past and current experiences with abuse within intimate relationships. Strategies for nurses in women's health care settings to screen women for current or past abuse within their intimate personal relationships, guidelines for effective responses to disclosure of abuse, and supportive interventions are described.     

A phenytoin-sensitive cationic current participates in generating the afterdepolarization and burst afterdischarge in rat neocortical pyramidal cells

We report here on the ionic mechanisms underlying the depolarizing afterpotential (DAP) in neocortical pyramidal cells, with special interest in those underlying the burst afterdischarge. Injections of short depolarizing current pulses under whole-cell current clamp with a CsCl-based internal medium generated, in most pyramidal cells, a single action potential with a plateau phase (plateau-AP), followed by a slowly decaying DAP both in the absence and presence of TTX. Under voltage-clamp, the same cells displayed a slow tail current (tail-I) at the offset of depolarization. When intracellular free Ca²⁺ was chelated with 10 mm BAPTA or when extracellular Ca²⁺ was replaced with equimolar Ba²⁺, neither the slow DAP nor the slow tail-I was observed. Extracellular application of Co²⁺ or Cd²⁺ reduced Ca²⁺ currents and the slow tail-I. Cation substitution experiments revealed that the channel generating the slow tail-I was permeable to K⁺ and Cs⁺ more than to Na⁺ (P_K≈P_Cs > P_Na > P_NMDG≈P_TEA). The cationic slow tail-I was not reduced by applying antagonists of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (MCPG, 1 mm ) and the muscarinic receptor (atropine, 1–10 μm ). Thus, the slow DAP was produced by activation of the cationic channel whose gating is solely dependent on [Ca²⁺]_i. An increase in [K⁺]_o from 3 to 6 or 9 mm enhanced the slow DAP, and resulted in a generation of burst afterdischarges. An anticonvulsant, phenytoin (PT; 1–10 μm ) suppressed the slow DAP while enhancing the plateau-AP in the presence of TTX, most likely by blocking the cationic channel.     

INVOLVEMENT OF PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 IN COLLAGEN-PLATELET INTERACTION

The binding of type I collagen to its receptor initiates platelet aggregation, but the relationship of the receptor to other signal transduction components is not yet established. Correlation of platelet aggregation and anti-type I collagen receptor antibody immunoprecipitation of type I collagen treated [³²PO4]-labeled platelets showed that there are two phosphoproteins (M_r 53 kDa and 21 kDa) that coprecipitated with the 65 kDa platelet type I collagen receptor. In the present investigation, we have identified one of the phosphoproteins. A soluble component the 100,000×g supernatant fraction of 53 kDa protein is recognized by polyclonal anti-PP1 antibody. The activity of the precipitated phosphatase is inhibited by okadaic acid and inhibitor 1, suggesting that it is protein phosphatase 1 (PP 1). Phosphorylation decreases PP 1 activity as was found with [³²PO4]-phosphorylase b as the substrate. The immunocoprecipitation of the type-1 collagen receptor and PP 1 inot the result of cross reactivity of the anti-type I collagen receptor antibody with the PP I protein. These results indicate that the platelet type I collagen receptor, PP 1, and unidentified 21 kDa protein are in close association with the platelet type I collagen receptor upon the binding of type I collagen by the receptor. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd     

Synthesis of two nitro analogs of tranylcypromine: Relations of aromatic substitution of nitro groups to MAO-Inhibitory activity

Two new nitro analogs of tranylcypromine, (E)-2-(p-nitrophenyl)cyclopropylamine ((E)-p-NTCP) and (E)-2-(m-nitrophenyl)cyclopropylamine ((E)-m-NTCP) were synthesized in order to examine the effect of aromatic nitro substitution on the MAO-inhibitory activity of 2-phenylcyclopropylamines. The compounds were obtained by treatingt-butyl (E)-2-(p-nitrophenyl) cyclopropanecarbamate andt-butyl (E)-2-(m-nitrophenyl)cyclopropanecarbamate withp-toluenesulfonic acid in CH₃CN. Inhibitions of rat brain mitochondrial MAO-A and B by the compounds were examined using serotonin and benzylamine as the substrate at bothin vitro andex vivo levels. It was found fromin vitro measurements that(E)-p-NTCP at 6.0×10^?5M elicited merely 22.5% inhibition against MAO-B without any effect on MAO-A. In contrast,(E)-m-NTCP showed fair degrees of inhibitions of MAO-A and B with IC₅₀ values, 2.5×10^?7M and 1.4×10^?6M, respectively. It was also noted from(E)-m-NTCP thatm-nitro substitution caused a shift of selectivity of the inhibition toward MAO-A. According toex vivo measurements at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 hr following the administration of a dose of 0.015 mmol/kg, i.p. to the rats, the inhibition percents of MAO-A by(E)-m-NTCP were 58.6, 63.7 63.6, and 46.6%, slightly lower than those observed by tranylcypromine. Whereas,(E)-p-NTCP at the same dose level did not show significant inhibitions against both MAO-A and MAO-B. Possible reasons for the difference in potencies between(E)-m-NTCP and(E)-p-NTCP were sought in relation to differing electron withdrawing effects ofm-andp-substituents which will influence electron density of the side chain amino functions and the partitions.     

Comparison of the biomechanical effect of posterior condylar offset and kinematics between posterior cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty

Background

The effect of the changes in the femoral posterior condylar offset (PCO) on anterior–posterior (AP) translation and internal–external (IE) rotation in cruciate-retaining (CR) and posterior-stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics in CR and PS TKA with respect to the difference in prosthetic design and PCO change through a computational simulation.