AbstractObjectives: Headache is one of the most common complaints in medicine. Epidemiological and population-based studies reported that migraine has a variable prevalence worldwide. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of migraine across various age groups in Assiut district, Egypt.Methods: This is a door-to-door study. It included 4700 randomly selected individuals.Results: Headache was reported in 1668 subjects (35.49%), of them, 87.65% (n = 1462) had primary headaches. Migraine prevalence was 10.51% with female-to-male ratio of 2.4:1 particularly in ages of 20–40 years. The mean age of patients was 31.46 ± 13.39 years and age at onset was 24.16 ± 12.10 years. Nearly, 63.5% had frequent attacks, 65.2% of the attacks were severe enough to stop daily activities and lasted for >1 day in 32.5% of females compared to 40.7% and 14.5% for males. Chronic or daily migraine was more in females (35.3% versus 20.7% for males). Approximately, 5.6% had chronic migraine and 1.2% had daily migraine from the start, while 24.2% had transformation from episodic to chronic migraine within 6.1 ± 4.4 years. Migraine was prevalent among those with middle educational levels and labor workers. The duration of migraine attacks was found to reduce with age but the chronic/daily migraine increased with age. Hypertension, anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome, and depression were common comorbidities with migraine.Conclusions: We believe that the work done in this study is informative as it determined the actual prevalence of migraine across various age groups and the important predictors of change in the severity, duration, and frequency of migraine in our locality. 相似文献
In this study, a Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 spinel was successfully synthesized by a sol–gel method at 500 °C for 5 h and characterized by different techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopic analyses confirmed the formation of a spinel cubic structure with the Fdm space group. The SEM proves that the grain size of our compound is of the order of 48 nm. Crystallite sizes determined from three estimates are closer to the grain size obtained from the SEM, indicating the single domain nature of the sample. The optical properties of UV-visible spectroscopy for our sample showed that the gap value is equal to 3.82 eV, making our compound a good candidate for optoelectronic applications. For electrical properties, impedance spectroscopy was performed at a frequency range of 40 ≤ frequency ≤ 106 Hz. This suggested hoping conduction due to three theoretical models. The latter can be attributed to the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model in region I, overlapping large polaron tunneling (OLPT) in region II and non-overlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) mechanism in region III. One dielectric relaxation is detected from the dielectric impedance and modulus, attributed to grain contributions. This behavior was confirmed by both Nyquist and Argand''s plots of dielectric impedance at different measuring temperatures.In this study, a Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 spinel was successfully synthesized by a sol–gel method at 500 °C for 5 h and characterized by different techniques.相似文献
Objective: To formulate solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) encapsulating doxycycline hydrochloride (DH) and metronidazole (MT) for the treatment of periodontal diseases.
Methods: SLMs were prepared applying hot homogenization method, using different types of lipids and stabilized with various types and concentrations of surfactants. The optimized formula was subjected to freeze-drying followed by incorporation into poloxamer gel. Microbiological and clinical evaluation of the selected SLMs on patients suffering from periodontal diseases was performed.
Results: SLMs could entrap high percentage of both drugs (81.14% and 68.75 % for doxycycline hydrochloride and metronidazole respectively). Transmission electron microscopy images of SLMs showed nearly spherical particles. Freeze-dried SLMs showed satisfactory stability for three months. Combined drugs were molecularly dispersed in SLMs. Incorporation of the freeze-dried SLMs powder in poloxamer gel could control the drugs release for 72 h. In-vivo study revealed effective and safe use of SLMs gel for periodontitis treatment. Significant improvement in both microbiological and clinical parameters was observed as compared to scaling and root planing alone.
Conclusion: The formulated SLMs gel offers an applicable dosage form that can be injected directly into the periodontal pocket as adjunctive to scaling and root planing. 相似文献
The chemokine known as RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted) is an important element for the chemotaxis at the site of allergic inflammation. Many studies have made an interesting link between RANTES polymorphisms and asthma, showing that the variant in the promoter region is associated with high risk of asthma and severe airway obstruction. We conducted a case-control and family study aiming at identifying the relationship between polymorphisms (-28 C/G and -403 G/A) and haplotypes in the RANTES gene with asthma and severity. The results of the case control study suggest an association between alleles level of -28 C/G and -403 G/A promoter polymorphism (p = 0.01) (p = 0.00175) and asthma. Univariate analysis of the RANTES polymorphisms show an increased prevalence of the AC and AG haplotypes in asthmatics (p = 0.014) and (p = 0.015) respectively. Our data suggest that -28 C/G and -403 G/A polymorphisms within the RANTES promoter region play an important role in asthma predisposition and in the severity of airway obstruction. 相似文献
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system resulting from the productive infection of oligodendrocytes by the opportunistic polyomavirus JC virus (JCV). Apoptosis is a host defense mechanism to dispose of damaged cells; however, certain viruses have the ability to deregulate apoptotic pathways to complete their life cycles. One such pathway involves survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family, which is abundantly expressed during development in proliferating tissues but should be absent in normal, terminally differentiated cells. Immunohistochemistry performed in 20 cases of PML revealed the presence of survivin in JCV-infected oligodendrocytes and bizarre astrocytes within demyelinated plaques. Survivin up-regulation was also found in oligodendroglial and astrocytic cultures infected with JCV. Cell cycle analysis and DNA laddering demonstrated a significantly lower number of cells undergoing apoptosis on JCV infection compared with noninfected cultures; small interfering RNA inhibition of survivin resulted in a dramatic increase in apoptotic cells in JCV-infected cultures. This is the first report describing the activation of survivin by JCV infection in vitro and in PML clinical cases. These observations provide new insights into the anti-apoptotic mechanisms used by JCV to complete its lytic cycle and may suggest new therapeutic targets for PML. 相似文献
The objective of this review is to identify enabling and inhibiting factors for mHealth adoption in low resource settings, by giving emphasis on the stakeholders representing the caregiving side. Another objective of this study is to support implementation agencies (governmental and non-governmental) in designing scalable mHealth interventions.
Methods
A PEO (Population, Exposure, Outcome) approach was used to formulate the review question. A pre-defined search strategy was implemented; Google Scholar, PubMed and gray literature were searched using alternate terms for “mHealth”, “adoption” and “developing countries”. CASP [7] tools were used to assess the quality of selected evidence. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria on search results and critical appraisal of the selected evidence, twelve studies were selected for the review.
Results
Adoption factors operated at the levels of organization, facility-based service provider and frontline health worker. Engagement of end users during design phase, informed clinical decision making, utilization of mHealth evidence, employers’ tolerance of some personal use of devices, automation of tasks and user-friendliness of application are key enabling factors for mHealth adoption in developing countries. On the contrary, absence of national policy on mHealth, poor knowledge base on mHealth, using two systems in parallel, duplication of efforts, poor Internet connectivity and shortage of electricity are important inhibiting factors for mHealth adoption.
Conclusions
The review provides an insight about the challenges and opportunities related to mHealth adoption in developing countries. Implementation agencies should give careful consideration to these factors before designing and deploying any mHealth-enabled intervention. It is also important to understand the concept of incremental innovation so that resources spent on pilot interventions are optimized and full potential is achieved. 相似文献