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91.
Using behavioural insights to increase HIV self‐sampling kit returns: a randomized controlled text message trial to improve England's HIV self‐sampling service 下载免费PDF全文
Objectives
The aim of the study was to determine whether behaviourally informed short message service (SMS) primer and reminder messages could increase the return rate of HIV self‐sampling kits ordered online.Methods
The study was a 2 × 2 factorial design randomized control trial. A total of 9585 individuals who ordered a self‐sampling kit from www.freetesting.hiv different SMS combinations: 1) standard reminders sent days 3 and 7 after dispatch (control); 2) primer sent 1 day after dispatch plus standard reminders; 3) behavioural insights (BI) reminders (no primer); or 4) primer plus BI reminders. The analysis was restricted to individuals who received all messages (n = 8999). We used logistic regression to investigate independent effects of the primer and BI reminders and their interaction. We explored the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on kit return as a secondary analysis.Results
Those who received the primer and BI reminders had a return rate 4% higher than that of those who received the standard messages. We found strong evidence of a positive effect of the BI reminders (odds ratio 1.13; 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.23; P = 0.003) but no evidence for an effect of the primer, or for an interaction between the two interventions. Odds of kit return increased with age, with those aged ≥ 65 years being almost 2.5 times more likely to return the kit than those aged 25–34 years. Men who have sex with men were 1.5–4.5 times more likely to return the kit compared with other sexual behaviour and gender identity groups. Non‐African black clients were 25% less likely to return the kit compared with other ethnicities.Conclusions
Adding BI to reminder messages was successful in improving return rates at no additional cost. 相似文献92.
93.
94.
Guillain-Barr啨综合征(GBS)和Miller Fisher综合征(MFS)的诊断标准随着临床研究的深入在不断演变。2011年1月,《疫苗》杂志发表了国际疫苗安全性监测Brighton合作组关于GBS/MFS的诊断定义和研究资料收集规范。此文献中未采用"诊断标准"而采用"诊断定义"是因为其主要目的为评价疫苗安全性而制定,而非用于神经科的GBS/ 相似文献
95.
96.
Background
Despite India's recent economic growth, health and human development indicators of Scheduled Tribes (ST) or Adivasi (India's indigenous populations) lag behind national averages. The aim of this review was to identify the public health interventions or components of these interventions that are effective in reducing morbidity or mortality rates and reducing risks of ill health among ST populations in India, in order to inform policy and to identify important research gaps. 相似文献97.
98.
Despite extensive research into its patho-physiology, investigations and treatment, sepsis remains an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The incidence in developing countries is 10 times that in the developed world. A large number of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins, eicosanoids, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide) have been identified, the interplay of which leads to the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) which can have devastating consequences on all systems of the body. In India the common organisms include Staphylococcus, E coli, Klebsiella and Candida. A number of maternal and neonatal risk factors have been identified. The initial signs and symptoms are subtle and can easily be missed. Early investigations and screening tests are important and a promising number of new tests are being studied. The gold standard for diagnosis is a positive culture from a body fluid or local source in the presence of SIRS. The threshold for starting antibiotics should be low in high-risk neonates and broad spectrum antibiotics covering the likely organisms should be given intravenously in all suspected cases in a hospital setting. This should be continued for at least 24-48 hours (till negative reports are available) in suspected cases and for 2-3 weeks in proven cases. Prophylaxis is aimed at preventing nosocomial and cross infections. Strict hand-washing, meticulous asepsis protocols, identification of high risk groups and prompt and better screening tests are essential in controlling this problem.KEY WORDS: Neonate, Sepsis, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 相似文献
99.
R. Varghese M. Ch. K. Shivaprakasha M.Ch. SR Mohanty M.Ch. KA Hassan MS R Coelho M.Ch. KS Murthy M.Ch. KM Cherian FRACS 《Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery》2001,17(2):82-85
Background Though the use of median stermotomy has been fairly standardized for the approach to the heart and great vessels, since the
advent of cosmetically appealing incisions, thoracotomy has come to be a justifiable alternative incision. This paper presents
our experience with this approach and the advantages over the conventional approach as well as over other incisions for the
correction of intra-cardiac anomalies.
Methods 93 patients underwent open cardiac procedures using the posterior thoracotomy approach since June 1997 to December 2000. There
were 69 patients with ostium secundum atrial septal defects and 12 patients with sinus venous defects. Other anomalies included
perimembranous ventricular septal defects in 3 patients, partial atrioventricular septal defects in 3 patients and transitional
atrioventricular septal defects in 2 patients. Besides these, one patient each underwent atrial septectomy with right modified
Blaloc—Taussing shunt and correction of hemianomalous pulmonary venous connection with intact atrial septum using this approach.
The median age of the patients was 8 years with a range of 10 months to 41 years. 10 patients were males.
Results The median operation time (skin to skin) was 236 minutes. Median bypass times and aortic cross clamp times were 63 minutes
and 31.5 minutes respectively. The median ICU stay was 25.2 hours. There were no significant immediate post operative complications
requiring intervention in any patient. The mean chest drainage was 80 ml per 24 hours. One patient had a superficial wound
dehiscence which healed with daily dressings One patient had atelectasis of the right upper lobe which recovered with chest
physiotherapy. All patients are on regular follow up to assess the status of their scars. One patients developed a mass on
the right atrial free wall following closure of atrial septal defect one year earlier and the underwent reoperation for removal
of the mass. Patients on follow up were interrogated and all were satisfied with the cosmesis of their scars. None of the
patients had any physical disability due to their scars.
Conclusions The limited posterior thoracotomy incision offers a cosmetically attractive approach to the heart in selected patients. The
approach is easy and the techniques reproducible. The technique carries with it no additional risk and has the advantage of
not interfering with future development of the breast in young pre pubertal girls. 相似文献
100.
Jason KS Lee MBBS BMedSc Radwan Almousa MD MRCOphth MRCSEd Thomas P Thamboo MBChB MRCPath FRCPA Shantha Amrith MD FRCS FAMS 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》2009,37(4):412-414
Kimura disease is a rare idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by subcutaneous nodular lesions in the head and neck area. Ophthalmic manifestation of Kimura disease involves orbital and eyelid lesions mostly in Asian patients, but it has been described in White patients and Black Caribbean patients. Kimura disease is usually associated with eosinophilia and occasionally with renal disease. Here, we report a case of Kimura disease of the eyelid in a 50-year-old Indian man with eosinophilia. The main differential diagnosis was angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. Histology is crucial to separate these two entities, and our case was shown to be Kimura disease by histology. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a person of Indian origin to develop Kimura disease involving the eyelid. 相似文献