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B Sigurgeirsson† KG Kristinsson‡ PS Jonasson† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2006,20(7):796-799
BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis is a rare disorder in children. Few studies exist on the incidence or prevalence of onychomycosis in children. OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidemiology of childhood onychomycosis in Iceland during the period 1982-2000. METHODS: Results from all mycological samples taken from children in Iceland from 1982 to 2000 were examined. Information about the requesting physician, unique social security number, date of birth, sex, results of culture and microscopy were registered. Growth of a dermatophyte was taken as an indication of a case of onychomycosis. RESULTS: During the period 1982-2000 a total of 493 samples from 408 Icelandic children, aged 0-17 years, were examined. Dermatophytes were cultured from 148 (30.0%) samples. During the period 1982-85, the mean annual incidence of positive cultures was 1.65 per 100,000, increasing to 21.30 per 100,000 for the years 1996-2000. Trichophyton rubrum was the dominating organism and was found in 102/148 cases positive for the growth of a dermatophyte. The incidence of positive dermatophyte cultures increased with age and was found in eight children aged 0-4, and in 57 children aged 10-14 years. CONCLUSION: Onychomycosis is rare in children, but increases with age. It seems that onychomycosis increased during the study period, but it is not clear if this was due to a true increase in the prevalence of onychomycosis or an increased awareness of onychomycosis, or both. 相似文献
64.
S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (carbocysteine) improves the visco-elastic properties of bronchial mucus in vivo, possibly as a result of an increase in the relative proportions of sialomucins in bronchial mucus. Carbocysteine was therefore studied in vitro and ex vivo in both normal and bronchitic rats on pulmonary sialyl transferase, responsible for the addition of sialic acid to mucus glycoproteins. Bronchitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by repeated exposure to sulphur dioxide for two weeks. During this time they received either 500 mg kg-1 day-1 carbocysteine or its vehicle by the oral route. Rats not being exposed to SO2 received the same treatment. The animals were then killed, and subcellular fractions prepared by differential centrifugation of lung homogenates. Sialyl transferase was assayed using CMP-14C sialic acid as substrate and desialysed fetuin as exogenous acceptor. Enzyme activity was located in both the (Golgi-containing) 10,000 g and 100,000 g pellets with minor activity in the cytosolic supernatants. When tested in vitro between 10(-6) and 10(-3) M, carbocysteine had no effect on sialyl transferase activity in microsomes taken from healthy or bronchitis rats. Repeated administration of carbocysteine was without effect on the sialyl transferase activity in 10,000 g pellets taken from healthy rats. However, in bronchitic rats there was a small but statistically significant (P less than 0.05) increase in enzymic activity in the treated group compared to the animals receiving the vehicle. There was no difference in the activity of the microsomal enzyme compared to vehicle-treated controls in either healthy or bronchitic rats. We conclude that it is possible that an increase in sialyl transferase activity in a Golgi-containing fraction of bronchitic lungs could explain the relative increase in sialomucins in bronchitic subjects. 相似文献
65.
Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: radiologic- pathologic correlation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma (UES) is an uncommon malignant mesenchymal hepatic tumor that occurs in older children and young adults. Fourteen cases are correlated with radiologic and pathologic findings. Radiologic findings reflect the spectrum of solid to cystic appearances observed in the gross specimens. Sonography typically demonstrates a large mass that may be predominantly solid with many small anechoic spaces or may be cystic. Computed tomography reveals a hypodense mass with hyperdense septa of variable thickness and a dense peripheral rim corresponding to the fibrous pseudocapsule of the tumor. Angiographically, UES is usually hypovascular with tumoral vessels, although hypervascular and avascular patterns occur. Prognosis of UES is poor, with a median survival of less than 1 year. Radiologists should be familiar with this malignant tumor since it may present as a large cystic hepatic mass, suggestive of a benign lesion. 相似文献
66.
Radioimmunoassay of factor V in human plasma and platelets 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11
Homogeneous, single-chain human factor V was used to develop a double antibody competition radioimmunoassay to measure factor V concentrations in plasma and platelets. Standard curves were constructed that allow for the detection of as little as 20 ng factor V/ml of plasma. Normal factor V concentrations range from 4 to 14 micrograms/ml of plasma with an average value of 7.0 +/- 2.0 micrograms/ml (n = 64). No correlation was observed between antigen levels and age or sex. The radioimmunoassay data are consistent with factor V clotting assays, providing freshly drawn plasma is used in the bioassay. Radioimmunoassay of washed platelets indicate that 0.63-1.93 microgram of factor V is present per 2.5 X 10(8) platelets (4612-14128 molecules of the factor V platelet). When normalized to individual hematocrits and platelet count, the data indicated that platelets contribute approximately 18%-25% of the factor V found in whole blood. In addition, two individuals with functionally deficient factor V were examined and found to be deficient in both antigen and activity. 相似文献
67.
Vitamin K deficiency or administration of vitamin K antagonists results in the biosynthesis of abnormal des-gamma-carboxy forms of the vitamin K-dependent proteins. Monoclonal antibody H-11 binds several vitamin K- dependent proteins at a determinant that includes the first two residues of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. Antibody H-11 binds fully carboxylated prothrombin and protein C in the presence of EDTA but binding is inhibited by the divalent metal ions, calcium, magnesium, and manganese. By contrast, des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and protein C bind antibody H-11 the same in the presence of EDTA or calcium ion. Antibody H-11 thus appears to bind a conserved antigenic site containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid that in the presence of divalent metal ion undergoes a conformational transition. This ability of antibody H-11 to bind des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and protein C in the presence of calcium ion allowed the development of an immunoassay for these proteins in plasma. Prothrombin and protein C from stably anticoagulated individuals receiving warfarin were characterized by their ability to bind antibody H-11 in the presence of calcium ion. Binding of prothrombin and protein C to antibody H-11 in the presence of calcium correlated temporally with warfarin administration. The inability of calcium ion to inhibit binding of antibody H-11 to abnormal prothrombin and protein C in plasma suggests that the circulating forms of both proteins following warfarin administration cannot undergo the metal ion-dependent conformational transition that includes sequence residues 1 through 12. 相似文献
68.
DC Bosanquet A Rangaraj AJ Richards A Riddell VM Saravolac KG Harding 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2013,95(4):291-296
Introduction
Chronic, non-healing wounds are often characterised by an excessive, and detrimental, inflammatory response. We review our experience of using a combined topical steroid, antibiotic and antifungal preparation in the treatment of chronic wounds displaying abnormal and excessive inflammation.Methods
A retrospective review was undertaken of all patients being treated with a topical preparation containing a steroid (clobetasone butyrate 0.05%), antibiotic and antifungal at a tertiary wound healing centre over a ten-year period. Patients were selected as the primary treating physician felt the wounds were displaying excessive inflammation. Healing rates were calculated for before and during this treatment period for each patient. Changes in symptom burden (pain, odour and exudate levels) following topical application were also calculated.Results
Overall, 34 ulcers were identified from 25 individual patients (mean age: 65 years, range: 37–97 years) and 331 clinic visits were analysed, spanning a total time of 14,670 days (7,721 days ‘before treatment’ time, 6,949 days ‘during treatment’ time). Following treatment, 24 ulcers demonstrated faster rates of healing, 3 ulcers showed no significant change in healing rates and 7 were healing more slowly (p=0.0006). Treatment generally reduced the burden of pain and exudate, without affecting odour.Conclusions
In normal wound healing, inflammation represents a transient but essential phase of tissue repair. In selected cases, direct application of a steroid containing agent has been shown to improve healing rates, presumably by curtailing this phase. Further evaluation is required to establish the role of preparations containing topical steroids without antimicrobials in the management of chronic wounds. 相似文献69.
70.
中国大陆地区妇女骨质疏松筛选工具探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
张菊英 吴涛 杨定焯 程晓光 周琦 卓铁军 张华寿 项静 王洪复 区品中 刘建立 徐苓 黄公怡 黄琪仁 Barden HS Weynand LS Fqukner KG 孟迅吾 《中国修复重建外科杂志》2007,21(1):86-89
目的建立适用于中国大陆地区40岁及以上妇女的骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)筛选工具。方法以20~39岁妇女腰椎骨密度的均数和标准差作为参考值计算T—score。以双能X线骨密度仪(dual—energy X—ray absorptiometry,DxA)的测量结果作为金标准,采用二分类的Bayes判别分析,建立判别函数。结果我国大陆地区40岁及以上妇女OP筛选工具(osteoporosis screening tool for Chinese,OSTC)为:体重-2×年龄+50。判别准则为OSTC〉0为无OP危险性,OSTC≤0为有OP危险性。OSTC的正判率为75.78%,灵敏度为76.8%,特异度为75.1%,Kappa值为0.51(P=0.000),说明OSTC与DXA的判定结果一致性尚可。结论OSTC是一个简便的OP筛选工具。根据年龄、体重两个变量的简单计算,即可对我国大陆地区40岁及以上的妇女进行OP危险性的筛选。但OSTC没有得到外部数据的验证,其优劣还有待进一步评价。 相似文献