Adaptation of the gastric epithelium to injury is maintained in vitro and is associated with increased TGF-α expression

Adaptation is the name given to the progressive decrease in gastric mucosal damage following repeated dosing with damaging agents. This study aimed to determine whether adaptation is an intrinsic property of the gastric epithelium and the role in the development of this process of TGFα. Rats were given either one or six daily doses of 10 mg/kg diclofenac or six daily doses of vehicle only (1% methylcellulose). On the 7th day, antral mucosa was taken for organ culture and loaded with [⁵¹Cr]. Explants were challenged with ethanol and damage quantified by [⁵¹Cr] release. In a separate experiment, rats were dosed as above and the gastric mucosa was extracted and TGFα quantified by RIA. The rate of [⁵¹Cr] release was significantly lower after ethanol injury in explants from rats previously adapted to diclofenac (9.2±2.5%) compared with those exposed to a single damaging dose of diclofenac (25.9±3.5%) or vehicle only (26.4±3.3%; P < 0.01; anova ). The concentration of TGFα was significantly higher in the gastric epithelium of rats adapted to diclofenac than other groups (P < 0.05; t-test). Cross adaptation of the gastric mucosa to injury has therefore been demonstrated in antral mucosal explants in organ culture while TGFα peptide expression is elevated in the adapted gastric mucosa. These findings suggest that adaptation is an inherent property of the gastric epithelium and it is likely that TGFα may play a role in its maintenance.     

基于不同湍流模型的离心泵叶轮内部流场分析

基于计算流体力学数值模拟技术,对一个低比转速离心泵叶轮内部流场流动情况进行分析研究。分别采用4种湍流模型：标准k ε模型、RNG k ε模型、Realizable k ε模型和雷诺应力模型（RSM）及SIMPLE 算法,对不同湍流模型及不同工况下的扬程预测曲线,比较计算时间的差别,在此基础上,比较不同模型在设计工况下的流场,并与实验结果进行了对比分析。     

Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with increased auto-antibody titers against calreticulin and Grp94, but calreticulin is not the Ro/SS-A antigen

Abstract Auto-antibodies against purified human calreticulin were determined by an ELISA in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and from healthy persons or patients without an autoimmune disease. More than 80% of patients with SLE had titers exceeding the highest value obtained in the group without SLE. Almost 30% of the patients had also elevated auto-antibody titers against purified rat grp94, another resident ER-protein of the KDEL-protein family, but not against rat ERp72 (CaBP2), an ER-resident protein of the proteindisulfide isomerase family. It could, however, be excluded that calreticulin is the Ro/SS-A antigen on the basis of the following observations: 1) Calreticulin purified from rat, bovine or human liver contained far less than 1 mol of phosphate per mol of calreticulin, showed an E280/E260-absorption ratio of about 2·0, and did not contain extractable RNA; 2) Sera from patients with SLE did not react with or precipitate endogenous calreticulin from Hep G2 cells; they did, however, precipitate hY-RNA from these cells; 3) Sera from SLE-patients, but not anti-calreticulin antisera precipitated [³²P]-hY-RNA from [³²P]-labelled Hep G2 cells.     

Computerized PN Ordering Optimizes Timely Nutrition Therapy in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Objective To determine whether automation could accelerate the parenteral nutrition (PN) ordering and delivery process with concurrent improvements in the quality of nutrition therapy.Design The time required to order, process, and deliver PN orders and specific nutrient composition of the PN solution were collected prospectively for 2 weeks on all neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients receiving PN during both the manual phase (before automation) and computer phase of the study.Subjects/Setting A total of 81 newborn infants in the NICU receiving PN for more than 5 days completed the study.Statistical analyses Student's unpaired t test was used to evaluate differences between computer and manual methods for all outcome variables of interest.Results The time required to write and deliver PN orders was significantly lower using computer rather than manual methods (1.4±0.2 vs 4.5±0.5 minutes; P=.0001). Significant improvements in the nutrient composition of the PN solution resulted from use of computer ordering for energy (93.4±1.48 vs 79.2±1.8 kcal/kg per day; P=.0001), protein (2.92±0.02 vs 2.710.03 g protein per kilogram per day; P=.0001), calcium (2.3±0.1 vs 1.8±0.1 mEq/kg per day; P=.0005), and phosphate (1.3±0.06 vs 0.9±0.06 mM/kg per day; P=.0001). In addition, alkaline phosphatase levels improved (272±11 vs 404±25 U/L; P=.0001) and caloric and protein goals were achieved sooner (5.910.4 vs 8.7±0.8 days; P=.0045) when computer ordering rather than the manual method of ordering PN was used.Implications Our findings indicate that automating the process of writing and delivering PN orders saved time because it eliminated repetitive tasks and tedious calculations previously required of neonatologists, dietitians, and pharmacists. Patient care in our population of neonates was enhanced by improving the nutrient content of the PN solution. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97:258–261.