改良经后路椎体间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨单枚Cage加自体骨块椎间融合的改良经后路椎体间融合(PLIF)治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法自2000年12月～2006年6月,笔者在椎弓根螺钉系统复位固定的基础上用1枚Cage加1块自体骨椎间融合的手术方法治疗腰椎滑脱症46例,崩裂性滑脱24例,退变性滑脱22例。其中男25例,女21例;年龄29～67岁。部位:L3、42例,L4、523例,L5S121例。根据Meyerding滑移分度法:Ⅰ度22例,Ⅱ度19例,Ⅲ度5例。结果随访8～72个月,平均25个月。根据Nakai疗效评定标准:优23例,良22例,可1例。术后滑脱复位44例,Ⅲ度恢复到Ⅰ度2例。结论Cage加自体骨块融合的改良PLIF手术治疗腰椎滑脱症,具有固定坚强、较好维持椎间高度、良好的椎间骨融合、疗效确实等优点。     

健康教育对学龄前儿童口腔健康行为的影响

目的 探讨健康教育在学龄前儿童口腔保健中的作用.方法 成立由口腔科副主任医师和主管护师组成的儿童口腔保健小组,对35名儿童实施1年的口腔卫生健康教育,内容包括评估口腔卫生状况,制订针对性口腔健康教育计划,与幼儿园教师共同举办爱牙月主题活动,参观口腔医院等.结果 实施1年后,儿童坚持早晚刷牙、刷牙方法正确人数较教育前显著增加(均P＜0.01).睡前进甜食、看牙恐惧人数及餐前牙菌斑指数均较教育前显著降低(均P＜0.01).结论 对学龄前儿童开展口腔卫生保健知识教育,有助于培养儿童养成良好的口腔卫生习惯,改善口腔卫生状况.     

Neuroendocrine expression in node positive prostate cancer: correlation with systemic progression and patient survival

PURPOSE: Neuroendocrine cells are ubiquitous but uncommon in benign and neoplastic prostate epithelium, and they are considered important for regulating cell growth and differentiation. The predictive value of neuroendocrine immunoreactivity for patient outcome after radical prostatectomy is uncertain. In this study we determined the expression of 2 important neuroendocrine markers, chromogranin and serotonin, in benign epithelium, primary prostate cancer and lymph node metastases, and correlated cellular expression with patient outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 196 patients with node positive prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy at Mayo Clinic between 1987 and 1992. Mean followup was 6.8 years (range 0.3 to 11). The cellular expression of chromogranin and serotonin in matched samples of benign tissue, primary prostate cancer and lymph node metastases from the same patients was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining using commercially available monoclonal antibodies. Results were correlated with patient age, pathological findings (Gleason score, DNA ploidy and cancer volume) and patient outcome, including clinical progression, cancer specific and all cause survival. RESULTS: Chromogranin immunoreactivity was greater in benign prostatic epithelium and primary cancer cases (99% each) than in those of lymph node metastases (37.5%) (pairwise comparisons with metastases p <0.001). The mean incidence of immunoreactive cells in benign epithelium, primary cancer and metastases was 6% (median 5%), 6% (median 3%) and 2.2% (median 0%), respectively. Serotonin immunoreactivity was greatest in benign prostate epithelium cases (98.5%) with less in primary cancer (95%) and lymph node metastases (21.5%) (pairwise comparisons p <0.001). The mean incidence of immunoreactive cells in benign epithelium, primary cancer and metastases was 2.2% (median 3%), 2.4% (median 2%) and 0.4% (median 0%), respectively. Chromogranin expression was invariably greater than that of serotonin for all 3 diagnostic categories (p <0.0001). There was a marginally significant positive trend in the level of chromogranin expression in benign prostatic epithelium and systemic progression (p = 0.05) but no significant association with cancer specific or all cause survival (p >0.1). No significant association was observed of chromogranin expression in primary cancer or lymph node metastases with any patient outcomes (p >0.1). There was a significant association of the level of serotonin expression in benign prostatic epithelium with cancer specific survival (p = 0.03) but no significant association with systemic progression or all cause survival (p > 0.1). There were positive trends in the association of serotonin immunoreactivity in primary cancer with systemic progression (p = 0.09) and cancer specific survival (p = 0.05) but not with all cause survival (p >0.1). No significant association was observed of serotonin expression in lymph node metastases with any patient outcomes (p >0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Benign prostatic epithelium and primary prostate cancer express a significantly greater number of chromogranin and serotonin immunoreactive cells than lymph node metastases, suggesting that decreased expression of neuroendocrine markers is involved in cancer progression. However, neuroendocrine expression was marginally useful for predicting the outcome in patients with node positive prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy.     

后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石治疗嵌顿性输尿管下段结石伴感染的临床体会

目的探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石治疗嵌顿性输尿管下段结石伴有感染的安全性、有效性及实用性。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2019年6月我科收治的6例诊断为嵌顿性输尿管下段结石伴有感染的病例资料,其中4例术前行体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗失败,2例术前尿培养阳性且伴有发热,尿常规WBC均为++~+++,均采用后腹腔镜下输尿管下段结石切开取石术,记录其手术时间、术后肠功能恢复时间、总住院天数及相关并发症。结果6例患者行经腹膜后腹腔镜下输尿管下段结石切开取石术均获得成功,无一例中转经腹入路腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石或开放手术。手术时间为55~100 min(平均82.5 min);术后肠功能恢复时间为1~2 d(平均1.7 d),总住院时间7~13 d(平均8.5 d)。其中1例术后拔除尿管后出现腰痛、发热,考虑为前列腺增生、尿潴留、尿液返流所致尿外渗,予保留导尿后症状消失。随访时间3~12个月,均无结石复发、输尿管狭窄等严重并发症。结论经后腹腔入路腹腔镜输尿管下段切开取石术安全可行,创伤小、恢复快,尤其适用于伴感染的输尿管结石患者,值得临床推广,但对术者的腹膜后解剖及腔镜技术提出了更高要求。     

隐匿性肺癌及其纵隔转移的MRI诊断

目的确定隐匿性肺癌及其纵隔转移的MRI信号特征,并评价MR技术的诊断准确性。方法15例隐匿性肺癌患均经PHILPS 1.0NT磁共振仪进行轴位T1、T2加权成像及冠状位T2加权成像,并包括Gd—DTPA增强扫描。MRI诊断结果经病理证实。结果15例肺癌患中,实性癌14例(93．3％),其MRI表现为略长E、长T2信号;坏死囊性变1例(6．7％),其MRI表现为长E、长B信号。Gd—DTPA增强扫描后,增强明显10例,其中5例呈花环状增强。全部患中被发现有纵隔转移6例,经Gd—DTPA增强扫描,全部为增强表现。结论由于纵隔血管的流空效应,MRI对隐匿性肺癌及其纵隔转移具有高度的诊断准确性。     

组蛋白去甲基化酶含十字形结构域蛋白-3和核因子-κB高表达与肝细胞癌不良进展和预后的关系

目的:观察肝细胞癌中组蛋白去甲基化酶含十字形结构域蛋白-3(JMJD3)和核因子-κB(NF-κB)蛋白水平的表达,探讨两者的相关性及其蛋白表达水平与多个临床病理因素的关系。方法:采用实时荧光定量反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)法检测25例新鲜肝细胞癌组织及相对应的癌旁组织中JMJD3和NF-κB信使RNA(mR...     

两用式胃管固定装置的研制与应用

目的研制两用式胃管固定装置,并探讨其使用效果。方法将132例留置胃管患者随机分为观察组和对照组各66例,两组均按照常规置入胃管,对照组用胶布固定,观察组采用自行研制的两用式胃管固定装置固定胃管。结果两组胃管置入时间及胃管脱出率、局部皮肤反应发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论两用式胃管固定装置使用简便安全,固定牢固,适用于医院、社区及家庭长期留置胃管的患者。     

后腹腔镜下肾上腺解剖学研究及临床应用

目的：探讨后腹腔镜下肾上腺解剖学特点及其对手术入路合理设计的作用.方法：通过术前CT和（或）MRI、术中观察、反复观看手术录像及文献复习,对肾上腺的解剖学特点进行研究,将后腹腔镜下肾上腺手术总结为4个步骤,第1步清理腹膜外脂肪,第2步辨认解剖标志,第3步进入相应的解剖间隙并快速找到肾上腺,第4步依术前诊断和术中情况选择肾上腺或腺瘤切除术,并以此对33例肾上腺疾病患者施行了后腹腔镜下解剖性肾上腺切除术.结果：33例手术均取得成功,术中出血少,均未输血.术后住院4～8天,平均5.3天,无严重并发症发生.结论：明确手术步骤,术中正确辨认解剖标志和解剖间隙,可以提高后腹腔镜下肾上腺手术的成功率和安全性,缩短该手术的学习曲线.     

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment prevents nitric oxide‐induced apoptosis in articular cartilage injury via enhancement of the expression of heat shock protein 70

Heat shock proteins (HSPs), inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO), and localized hypoxia‐induced apoptosis are thought to be correlated to the degree of cartilage injury. We investigated the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on (1) interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)‐induced NO production and apoptosis of rabbit chondrocytes and (2) healing of articular cartilage defects. For the in vitro study, RT‐PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect mRNA and protein expressions of HSP70, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and caspase 3 in IL‐1β‐treated chondrocytes. To clarify that the HSP70 was necessary for anti‐iNOS and anti‐apoptotic activity by HBO, we treated the cells with an HSP70 inhibitor, KNK437. For the in vivo study, cartilage defects were created in rabbits. The HBO group was exposed to 100% oxygen at 2.5 ATA for 1.5 h a day for 10 weeks. The control group was exposed to normal air. After sacrifice, specimen sections were sent for examination using a scoring system. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to detect the expressions of iNOS, HSP70, and caspase 3. Our results suggested that HBO upregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of HSP70 and suppressed those of iNOS and caspase 3 in chondrocytes. KNK437 inhibited the HBO‐induced downregulation of iNOS and casapase 3 activities. The histological scores showed that HBO markedly enhanced cartilage repair. Immunohistostaining showed that HBO enhanced HSP70 expression and suppressed iNOS and caspase 3 expressions in chondrocytes. Accordingly, HBO treatment prevents NO‐induced apoptosis in articular cartilage injury via enhancement of the expression of heat shock protein 70. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 376–384, 2013