肺癌放疗配合复方丹参注射液对心脏远期影响及疗效观察

目的观察放射线对心脏的影响及复方丹参对心脏的保护作用.方法 30例肺癌病人随机分为单纯放疗组和配合应用复方丹参组各15例,动态观察放疗前后及疗后3月、1年的心电图和心肌酶学变化.结果单放组治疗后心电图异常率明显高于治疗前(P＜0.05),且以缺血型ST-T改变为主,心肌酶学变化不明显.复方丹参组治疗后心电图异常发生率明显低于单放组(P＜0.05).结论放射线对心脏的损伤以微循环改变为主,复方丹参对心脏有保护作用.     

L—盐酸赖氨酸对脑损伤大鼠胰高血糖素和血糖含量的影响

目的　研究 Ｌ盐酸赖氨酸对脑损伤后大鼠的胰高血糖素、胰岛素及血糖含量的影响。方法　采用落体法致大鼠脑损伤;伤后立刻一次腹腔注射 Ｌ盐酸赖氨酸,２４ｈ 后断头处死,用免疫组织化学 Ａ Ｂ Ｃ 法结合图像分析技术,观察 Ｌ盐酸赖氨酸（６２１ ．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ － １ 及３１０ ．８ｍｇ·ｋｇ － １） 对脑损伤后大鼠胰岛 Ａ 细胞内胰高血糖素（ Ｇｌｕ） 及 Ｂ 细胞内胰岛素（ Ｉｎｓ） 免疫反应强度和光密度值的影响;用生化分析仪测定血糖含量。结果　 Ｌ盐酸赖氨酸能显著增强 Ａ 细胞内 Ｇｌｕ 免疫反应强度,提高平均光密度值,增加 Ｇｌｕ 的含量,并降低血糖水平,但对 Ｂ 细胞内 Ｉｎｓ 的免疫反应强度及光密度值无明显影响。结论　 Ｌ盐酸赖氨酸可抑制 Ｇｌｕ 的释放并产生显著的降血糖作用。     

P选择素和ICAM—1在肾缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 探讨Ｐ选择素和细胞间粘附分子－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１）在肾缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。方法 建立缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型,观察缺血再灌注后肾组织Ｐ选择素和ＩＣＡＭ－１的表达,并用Ｐ选择单克隆抗体进行了治疗。结果 发现缺血再灌注后肾小管人泡变性玫片状坏死,血尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）和肌酐（ＳＣｒ）水平升高;但再灌注前５ｍｉｎ经Ｐ选择互单抗处理的动物肾组织与正常相近,肾小管上皮细胞未见变性及坏死,血ＢＵＮ和ＳＣｒ水     

Effect of dietary supplementation with black currant seed oil on the immune response of healthy elderly subjects.

BACKGROUND: We have shown that the age-associated increase in prostaglandin E(2) production contributes to the decline in T cell-mediated function with age. Black currant seed oil (BCSO), rich in both gamma-linolenic (18:3n-6) and alpha-linolenic (18:3n-3) acids, has been shown to modulate membrane lipid composition and eicosanoid production. OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to 1) test whether dietary supplementation with BCSO can improve the immune response of healthy elderly subjects, and 2) determine whether the altered immune response is mediated by a change in the factors closely associated with T cell activation. DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (soybean oil) study was conducted to examine the effect of 2 mo of BCSO supplementation on the immune response of 40 healthy subjects aged >/=65 y. In vivo immune function was determined by delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were tested for in vitro immune response. RESULTS: In subjects supplemented with BCSO, the total diameter of induration at 24 h and individual responses to tetanus toxoid and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were significantly higher than their baseline values. The change in response to tetanus toxoid was significantly different from that of the placebo group. The BCSO group showed a significant increase in proliferative response of PBMCs to the T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin that was not significantly different from that observed in the placebo group. BCSO had no effect on concanavalin A-induced mitogenic response, interleukin 2 and -1beta production, and PBMC membrane fluidity. Prostaglandin E(2) production was significantly reduced in the BCSO-supplemented group, and this change was significantly different from that of the placebo group. CONCLUSION: BCSO has a moderate immune-enhancing effect attributable to its ability to reduce prostaglandin E(2) production.     

Breast cancer and oral contraceptive use in Asian-American women.

Breast cancer incidence has historically been 4-7 times higher in the United States than in Asia. A previous study by the authors in Asian-American women demonstrated a substantial increase in breast cancer risk in women who migrated from Asia to the United States, with the risk almost doubling during the first decade after migration. Increased use of oral contraceptives soon after migration to the United States could possibly explain this rapid rise in risk. In a population-based case-control study of Chinese, Filipino, and Japanese-American women, aged 20-55 years, who lived in San Francisco-Oakland, California; Los Angeles, California; and Oahu, Hawaii during 1983-1987, 597 cases (70% of those eligible) and 966 controls (75%) were interviewed. Controls were matched to cases on age, ethnicity, and area of residence. Oral contraceptive (OC) use increased with time since migration; 15.0% of Asian-born women who had been in the West <8 years, 33.4% of Asian-born women who had been in the West > or =8 years, and 49.6% of Asian women born in the West had ever used OCs. However, duration of OC use (adjusted for age, ethnicity, study area, years since migration, education, family history of breast cancer and age at first full-term birth) was not associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Moreover, neither OC use before age 25 years nor before first full-term birth was associated with increased risk. Results were unchanged when restricted to women under age 45 years or under age 40 years. After adjustment for duration of OC use, women who had been in the United States > or =8 years were still at almost twice the risk of breast cancer compared with women who had been in the United States 2-7 years. This study suggests that OC use cannot explain the elevated risk observed in Asian women who migrated to the United States > or =7 years ago.     

Tobacco smoking and depressed mood in late childhood and early adolescence

OBJECTIVES: This study builds on previous observations about a suspected causal association linking tobacco smoking with depression. With prospective data, the study sheds new light on the temporal sequencing of tobacco smoking and depressed mood in late childhood and early adolescence. METHODS: The epidemiologic sample that was studied consisted of 1731 youths (aged 8-9 to 13-14 years) attending public schools in a mid-Atlantic metropolitan area, who were assessed at least twice from 1989 to 1994. A survival analysis was used to examine the temporal relationship from antecedent tobacco smoking to subsequent onset of depressed mood, as well as from antecedent depressed mood to subsequent initiation of tobacco use. RESULTS: Tobacco smoking signaled a modestly increased risk for the subsequent onset of depressed mood, but antecedent depressed mood was not associated with a later risk of starting to smoke tobacco cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: This evidence is consistent with a possible causal link from tobacco smoking to later depressed mood in late childhood and early adolescence, but not vice versa.     

Immunological, Hematological, and Biochemical Responses in Immature White-Footed Mice Following Maternal Aroclor 1254 Exposure: A Possible Bioindicator

A number of hematological, immunological, and biochemical parameters were measured in Peromyscus leucopus pups born from dams exposed to a single dose (300 mg/kg body weight) of Aroclor 1254. To increase the chances of uncovering even modest consequences of the exposure, in one protocol the pups were weaned at 3 weeks and examined at 6 weeks of age, while in a second protocol the pups were kept with their mother for 4 weeks, at which time they were examined. The older pups showed significant decreases in body weight, ratio of spleen weight to body weight, numbers of peripheral white blood cells and lymphocytes, and number and percentage of monocytes. They also showed significant increases in the stimulation index in response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA), percentage of peripheral blood neutrophils and liver EROD induction. Pups sacrificed at 4 weeks of age showed even more significant differences. Their body and liver weights, percentage and number of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and serum antibody titers were significantly lower than those of their controls, while spleen to body weight ratios, percent of neutrophils in their peripheral blood, and liver EROD, PROD, and BROD levels were significantly higher than those of the controls. The primary implication of this work is that white-footed mouse pups could be used as biomonitors of contaminated sites. Females could be captured at the sites and bred in captivity with normal males. The vulnerable parameters identified in this study could then be measured in the resulting offspring and compared with a database collected from normal pups. Received: 8 July 1998/Accepted: 13 December 1998     

Identification of carcinogens in cooking oil fumes.

According to earlier studies, fumes from cooking oils were found to be genotoxic in several short-term tests such as the Ames test, sister chromatid exchange, and SOS chromotest. Fume samples from six different commercial cooking oils (safflower, olive, coconut, mustard, vegetable, and corn) frequently used in Taiwan were collected. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were extracted from the air samples and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography and confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Extracts of fumes from safflower oil, vegetable oil, and corn oil contained benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBahA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFA), and benzo[a]anthracene (BaA). Concentrations of BaP, DbahA, BbFA, and BaA were 2.1, 2.8, 1.8, and 2.5 microg/m3 in fumes from safflower oil; 2.7, 3.2, 2.6, and 2.1 microg/m3 in vegetable oil; and 2.6, 2.4, 2.0, and 1.9 microg/m3 in corn oil, respectively. The authors constructed models to study the efficacy of table-edged fume extractors used commonly by Taiwanese restaurants. Concentrations of BaP were significantly decreased when the fume extractor was working (P<0.05) and the average reduction in percentage was 75%. The other identified PAHs were undetected. These results indicated that exposure to cooking oil fumes could possibly increase exposure to PAHs, which may be linked to an increased risk of lung cancer. The potential carcinogenic exposure could be reduced by placing table-edged fume extractors near cooking pots.     

Plasma apolipoprotein B-48, hepatic apolipoprotein B mRNA editing and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic subunit-1 mRNA levels are altered in zinc-deficient rats.

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) exists as two major isoforms and serves as an obligatory component of lipid-rich plasma lipoprotein particles. Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing is a zinc-dependent, site-specific cytidine deamination that determines whether the apoB-100 or apoB-48 isoform is synthesized. The objective of this work was to examine whether dietary zinc levels affect apoB mRNA editing in vivo. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to zinc-deficient (ZD, <0.5 mg Zn/kg diet), zinc-adequate (ZA, 30 mg Zn/kg diet) or zinc-replenished (ZDA, ZD rats fed the ZA diet for last 2 d) dietary groups for 18 d. The ratio of plasma apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) to total apoB was significantly lower in zinc-deficient compared with zinc-adequate rats. Primer extension analysis indicated a modest but significant reduction in hepatic apoB mRNA editing in ZD rats compared with that of the ZA group. In ZDA rats, hepatic apoB mRNA editing and the percentage of plasma apoB-48 to total apoB were not different from ZA rats. The mRNA abundance of hepatic apobec-1 (apoB mRNA editing catalytic subunit 1) was significantly lower in ZD and ZDA rats than in ZA rats. In summary, the plasma ratio of apoB-48 to total apoB protein as well as hepatic apoB mRNA editing and hepatic apobec-1 mRNA levels were reduced in rats consuming a zinc-deficient diet. These data suggest that one or more components of apoB metabolism may be influenced by dietary zinc status.     

葡萄糖调节蛋白94在人胚胎发育中的表达

目的 为探讨葡萄糖调节蛋白９４（ＧＲＰ９４）在胚胎发育中的作用,研究了１０－３１周人胎组织ＧＲＰ９４的定位及表达。方法 用ＳＰ免疫组织化学方法。结果 结肠粘膜上皮,肾小管上皮及肝细胞的胞质内,在１０周已有ＧＲＰ９４的表达,１８－２０周时表达增多,一直维持较高水平。胃粘膜上皮及心肌细胞也有较强的表达。