Untersuchungen zum Synergismus von Ciprofloxacin mit β-Laktam-Antibiotika,Gentamicin, Minozyklin und Pipemidsäure

Zusammenfassung In der Studie wurde untersucht, inwieweit durch Zugabe von Ciprofloxacin die antibakterielle Wirkung der Pipemidsäure sowie von Minozyklin, Gentamicin, Cefazolin, Mezlocillin oder Ampicillin gegenüber resistenten bzw. mäßig empfindlichen Testkeimen der SpeziesEscherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae/Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa undStaphylococcus aureus beeinflußt wird. Die Untersuchungen ergaben eine synergistische Wirkung mit Pipemidsäure bei allen geprüften Spezies. Die Kombination mit Gentamicin ließ beiE. coli undK. pneumoniae/K. oxytoca Synergismus, beiP. aeruginosa undS. aureus additive Wirkung erkennen. Auch Minozyklin hatte mit Ciprofloxacin eine synergistische Wirkung, jedoch nur beiS. aureus. Bei den anderen Spezies und Antibiotikakombinationen war weder ein Synergismus noch ein Antagonismus festzustellen.

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Studies on the synergism of ciprofloxacin with -lactam antibiotics, gentamicin, minocycline and pipemidic acid

Summary UsingEscherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae/Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa andStaphylococcus aureus strains, we examined a possible influence of pipemidic acid, minocycline, gentamicin, cefazolin, mezlocillin and ampicillin on the antibiotic activity of ciprofloxacin. We found in all bacterial species synergistic influence by pipemidic acid. When ciprofloxacin was combined with gentamicin, synergism was observed inE. coli and inK. pneumoniae/oxytoca, additive effects inP. aeruginosa andS. aureus. In combination with minocycline we demonstrated synergism inS. aureus only. In all other bacterial species and antibiotic combinations we found neither synergism nor antagonism.

     

Vegan Diet and Bone Health—Results from the Cross-Sectional RBVD Study

Scientific evidence suggests that a vegan diet might be associated with impaired bone health. Therefore, a cross-sectional study (n = 36 vegans, n = 36 omnivores) was used to investigate the associations of veganism with calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements, along with the investigation of differences in the concentrations of nutrition- and bone-related biomarkers between vegans and omnivores. This study revealed lower levels in the QUS parameters in vegans compared to omnivores, e.g., broadband ultrasound attenuation (vegans: 111.8 ± 10.7 dB/MHz, omnivores: 118.0 ± 10.8 dB/MHz, p = 0.02). Vegans had lower levels of vitamin A, B2, lysine, zinc, selenoprotein P, n-3 fatty acids, urinary iodine, and calcium levels, while the concentrations of vitamin K1, folate, and glutamine were higher in vegans compared to omnivores. Applying a reduced rank regression, 12 out of the 28 biomarkers were identified to contribute most to bone health, i.e., lysine, urinary iodine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, selenoprotein P, vitamin A, leucine, α-klotho, n-3 fatty acids, urinary calcium/magnesium, vitamin B6, and FGF23. All QUS parameters increased across the tertiles of the pattern score. The study provides evidence of lower bone health in vegans compared to omnivores, additionally revealing a combination of nutrition-related biomarkers, which may contribute to bone health. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.     

Correction to: How to support dental students in reading radiographs: effects of a gaze‑based compare‑and‑contrast intervention

Advances in Health Sciences Education -     

Wissenstranslation am Beispiel Bewegungsförderung von älteren Menschen: Wie gelangen wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in die kommunale Praxis?

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse können eine Wissensquelle für kommunale Akteurinnen und Akteure der...     

Aufbau von Interventionsdatenbanken für mehr Evidenzbasierung in Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung – methodische Überlegungen

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Kommunale AkteurInnen erfahren bei der Entwicklung und Auswahl von Maßnahmen der Prävention und...     

Sexualisierte Gewalt in der Erfahrung Jugendlicher: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Befragung

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Seit 1998 erhebt die Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) im Rahmen ihrer Repräsentativbefragung...     

Zur Anwendung des Rektaltemperatur-Todeszeit-Nomogramms am leichenfundort

Summary The application of the rectal temperature time of death nomogram at the scene of death by 11 authors from 6 lego-medical institutes resulted in a standard deviation of the differences between nomographic and real death time of ± 1.3 h in 46 cases (group I) with met requirements and clearly defined points of contact, nevertheless, including 9 cases with a more progressive cooling (0.5 > Q 0.2). In cases with a real death time of more than 4 h (N = 26) the standard deviation was ± 1.0 hours corresponding to permissible variation of 95% of ± 2.0 hours. Consequently, the permissible variation of 95% was much smaller than that suggested by the nomogram. The nomographic death time interval did not agree with the real one in 5 cases out of additional 30 cases with recognizably unsure points of contact (group II).     

Time course of the effect of intravenous dimetindene maleate

Summary In order to evaluate the time course of its effects, dimetindene maleate has been investigated in a histamine provocation model in man. Eight healthy male volunteers were treated i. v. with 4 mg dimetindene maleate or sodium chloride solution in a double blind, cross over study. Intracutaneous histamine injections were given at –1, 2, 5, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, and 29 h following drug administration and the areas of flares and wheals were measured after 5, 10, 20, and 30 min. There was strong inhibition of the development both of flares and wheals, which was more pronounced for the former. Baseline adjusted areas under the curve differed significantly following drug and placebo treatment. The maximum effect was observed at 2 h.The mean residence time of the inhibitory effect was calculated to be 13 h compared to the mean residence time of dimetindene in blood of 5 h, which indicates a non-linear relationship between blood level and effect.     

New Prenylflavonoid Glycosides from Epimedium koreanum

Two new prenylflavonol glycosides epimedokoreanoside I ( 7) and epimedokoreanoside II ( 8) were isolated from EPIMEDIUM KOREANUM Nakai (Berberidaceae) beside five other known prenylflavonol glycosides with hypotensive activity. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods.     

Clonidin-supplementierte postoperative Analgesie bei kieferchirurgischen Patienten

Methods

After approval by the local Ethics Commitee and after informed consent had been given, 40 patients scheduled for elective maxillofacial surgery were included in this double-blind, randomized study. As a supplement to standardized general anaesthesia (isoflurane, N₂O), the patients received either clonidine 5 μg/kg or placebo during the last hour of the operation. Blood pressure, heart rate, time of recovery, and sedation and pain scores were measured postoperatively. The occurrence of nausea, vomiting or shivering was noted, as were the requirements of piritramide for analgesia, which was administered on demand in titrating dosages, and of nifedipine for systolic blood pressure exceeding 180 mm Hg.

Results

The two groups were comparable regarding biometric parameters, ASA-classification and duration of anaesthesia. Clonidinetreated patients were later in opening their eyes (22.5±11.9 min vs 17.9±10.9; n.s.) and the ability to state their dates of birth returned later (32.2±11.6 min vs. 25.7±12.8;P<0.05). Pain was more frequent in the placebo group (P<0.05 after 30 min), and there-fore, these patients required much more piritramid (P<0.01). The sedation scores showed no significant differences. No vomiting occurred in the clonidine group, and shivering was less frequent (P<0.01). The placebo group received more nifedipine (P<0.05) because the rate-pressure product was higher (P<0.01).

Discussion

Opiates are frequently used as analgesics after maxillofacial surgery, even though their most common side effect—respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting—are particularly dangerous in these patients because of the obstruction of the upper respiratory tract. Self-titration of the opiate dosage on demand can decrease the incidence of serious side effects. Clonidine administered intraoperatively caused a profound reduction in analgesic requirements in this study. Additional opiate administration in the postoperative period was unnecessary in nearly all clonidine-treated patients. The attenuating effect on sympathoadrenergic reactions leads to lowering of the rate-pressure product and may be of advantage for patients suffering from arterial hypertension, angina pectoris or bronchial asthma. The slower emergence from anaesthesia following clonidine administration is probably caused by double-blind study properties preventing full consideration of the decreased isoflurane requirements after clonidine.