正常人上颌骨的生物力学分析

目的建立正常人颅颌面骨三维有限元模型,并对上颌骨进行生物力学分析。方法对正常男性行螺旋CT扫描,应用数字影像传输以及MedGraphics和ANSYS8.0软件建立颅颌面骨三维有限元模型,模拟正常咬力来观察上颌骨的应力分布和位移。结果建立了正常人颅颌面骨三维有限元模型,包括273191个单元和260988个节点。加载后上颌骨表现为压应力,应力集中于尖牙区、第一磨牙上方和蝶骨翼突区,在颧牙槽嵴和尖牙区应力较大,前鼻棘和牙槽突可能发生的位移最大。结论正常人上颌骨三维有限元模型的生物力学分析结果与临床一致,为口腔颌面部肿瘤患者术后上颌骨重建提供了理论依据。     

Growth factor therapy in patients with partial‐thickness burns: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Growth factor (GF) therapy has shown promise in treating a variety of refractory wounds. However, evidence supporting its routine use in burn injury remains uncertain. We performed this systematic review and meta‐analysis assessing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate efficacy and safety of GFs in the management of partial‐thickness burns. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane databases. Endpoint results analysed included wound healing and scar formation. Thirteen studies comprising a total of 1924 participants with 2130 wounds (1131 GF receiving patients versus 999 controls) were identified and included, evaluating the effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) on partial‐thickness burns. Topical application of these agents significantly reduced healing time by 5·02 (95% confidence interval, 2·62 to 7·42), 3·12 (95% CI, 1·11 to 5·13) and 5·1 (95% CI, 4·02 to 6·18) days, respectively, compared with standard wound care alone. In addition, scar improvement following therapy with FGF and EGF was evident in terms of pigmentation, pliability, height and vascularity. No significant increase in adverse events was observed in patients receiving GFs. These results suggested that GF therapy could be an effective and safe add‐on to standard wound care for partial‐thickness burns. High‐quality, adequately powered trials are needed to further confirm the conclusion.     

Sex Effect on Obesity Indices and Metabolic Outcomes in Patients with Obese Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: a Preliminary Study

Background

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little attention has been paid to the treatment goals systematically stratified by sex. The objective of this study was to assess how sex differences affect obesity indices and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery.

Methods

A sleep questionnaire was conducted and medical histories were taken. Full-night polysomnography (PSG), anthropometric variables, and blood samples were collected.

Results

Thirty-five consecutive patients with OSA who underwent laparoscopic RYGB surgery were prospectively examined for at least 6 months were included in the study. Significant improvements (p?<?0.01) in sleep parameters (except for micro-arousal), obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes [except low-density lipoprotein in men and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in women] were obtained in men and women with OSA. Men had higher baseline triglyceride (TG) (p?<?0.01) and lower HDL levels (p?<?0.01) but a larger neck circumference (NC) (p?=?0.03) at follow-up than did women. However, only TG in men improved more than in women (p?=?0.02).

Conclusions

Sleep parameters, obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery were of similar magnitude in women and men with OSA. Alleviating sleep and obesity problems was correlated with metabolic outcomes in men and women.

     

30例女性急性盆腔炎患者的临床分析

目的探讨女性急性盆腔炎患者的临床表现、诊断和治疗方法。 方法收集北京华信医院2015年1月1日～2016年2月1日收治的30例女性急性盆腔炎患者的临床资料并进行回顾性分析。 结果女性急性盆腔炎疾病的临床症状复杂多样,检验和检查结果的假阴性率高,导致存在一定的误诊和漏诊。超声检查诊断准确率为53%,误诊率为47%。30例患者均痊愈出院,其中14例患者单纯经联合应用抗菌药物加中药治疗,16例患者经药物治疗效果不佳,补充手术治疗,痊愈率为100%。 结论盆腔炎诊断应综合分析和判断,采取中西医结合治疗方法,标本兼治,治疗效果好。     

手法淋巴引流综合消肿疗法治疗盆腔恶性肿瘤根治术后下肢淋巴水肿

目的 探讨手法淋巴引流综合消肿疗法(Complex Decongestion Therapy,CDT)治疗盆腔肿瘤根治术后下肢淋巴水肿的疗效。方法 自2011年起,收治76例盆腔肿瘤根治术后的单侧下肢淋巴水肿患者,其中子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌根治术后的女性患者70例,直肠、前列腺癌手术后的男性6例。按照健患侧下肢周径的差异,将患者分为3组:轻度组30例,中度组24例,重度组22例。患者均进行1个疗程(20天d)的CDT治疗,采用多频生物电阻人体成分分析仪和肢体周径测量观察治疗效果。结果 治疗后所有患肢的水肿明显减轻,组织内水分比率显著减少(P<0.01),周径比率显著缩小(P<0.01)。3组中,中度组和重度组的水分下降更为显著,重度组的周径缩小最为显著。结论 手法淋巴引流综合消肿治疗是治疗盆腔肿瘤根治手术后下肢淋巴水肿有效、安全的治疗手段。手法淋巴引流综合治疗适用于各期手术后下肢继发性淋巴水肿,包括重度淋巴水肿。     

应用双能X线骨密度仪探讨糖尿病性骨质疏松症的影响因素

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松的影响因素。方法选择2011年9月至2013年3月在内分泌科住院的男性2型糖尿病患者209例为糖尿病组,选择同期体检的健康男性103例为对照组,应用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)进行正位腰椎(L1-L4)及左侧股骨骨密度(BMD)测定,检测糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1C)、空腹血糖(FPG)及空腹C肽(CP),并进行统计学分析。结果糖尿病组骨量减少、骨质疏松发生率分别为14.35%、13.87%,明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组检测者随着年龄增加,骨密度均呈下降趋势,50岁以上糖尿病患者腰椎及股骨颈骨密度均明显低于同龄对照组(P0.05)。糖尿病组骨密度多因素相关性分析显示,糖尿病患者骨密度与年龄、病程、Hb A1C呈显著负相关(P0.05),而与体重指数(BMI)、空腹C肽(CP)呈显著正相关(P0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者骨量减少及骨质疏松发生率较健康体检者明显升高;高龄、病程长及血糖控制不良是糖尿病患者BMD降低的危险因素。     

腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术的现状与争议

自1992年报道首例腹腔镜全膀胱切除术以来,国内泌尿外科医生在此方面进行了积极探索,初步的临床评价显示其可行性及诱人的应用前景,但该技术也面临着一系列问题,本文就其相关的问题进行讨论。     

比较布托啡诺、芬太尼及芬太尼联合曲马多用于老年患者术后镇痛的临床效果

目的研究布托啡诺用于老年患者术后静脉镇痛的疗效及不良反应。方法60例择期行上腹部手术的老年患者,随机均分为布托啡诺组(B组)、芬太尼组(F组)及芬太尼联合曲马多组(FT组),分别接受持续静脉镇痛。记录并比较术后48h内疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Ramsay镇静评分及不良反应。结果三组术后镇痛效果VAS组内比较差异无统计学意义。但术后6hF组和B组的VAS明显低于FT组(P<0.05);术后12h,B组的VAS仍低于FT组(P<0.05)。B组术后0.5、6、12h Ramsay镇静评分明显高于F组(P<0.05)。B组恶心呕吐发生率明显低于FT组(P<0.05)。结论布托啡诺可用于老年患者术后静脉镇痛。     

原发性肾上腺淋巴瘤二例报告

目的 探讨原发性肾上腺淋巴瘤的诊断和治疗.方法 原发性肾上腺淋巴瘤患者2例.例1,男,58岁.临床表现为发热、乏力3个月.CT检查示双肾上腺区软组织肿块,右侧2.0 cm×6.0 cm,左侧4.0 cm×7.2 cm,轮廓清,腹膜后未见肿大淋巴结.胸部X线检查、血常规化验未见异常.例2,男,32岁.临床表现为发热3周.CT检查示双肾上腺体积弥漫性增大,右肾上腺区2.5 cm×3.6 cm肿块,腹膜后未见肿大淋巴结.胸部X线检查、血常规化验未见异常.结果例1行后腹腔镜下右肾上腺切除术.肿物剖面呈暗紫色.镜下瘤细胞呈圆形或卵圆形,细胞异形性明显,可见核分裂象.免疫组化染色:CD20、CD45 RO、胎盘碱性磷酸酶(PLAP)阳性.病理诊断:大B细胞恶性淋巴瘤.予CHOP方案(环磷酰胺、表阿霉素、长春新碱及泼尼松)化疗1周期,患者呈明显恶液质,自动出院后2个月死亡.例2行后腹腔镜下双肾上腺切除术.肾上腺剖面呈腐肉样,质脆.镜下瘤细胞弥漫分布,呈圆形或多角形,胞质少,核仁明显.免疫组化染色;CD3、CD45RO阳性,CD20.阴性.病理诊断:T细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤.CHOP方案化疗4周期,随访5个月,一般情况良好.结论原发性肾上腺淋巴瘤临床罕见,尤其是T细胞型非霍奇金淋巴瘤,手术加化疗或放疗效果优于单一治疗. 碱性磷酸酶(PLAP)阳性.病理诊断:大B细胞恶性淋巴瘤.予CHOP方案(环磷酰胺、表阿霉素、长春新碱及泼尼松)化疗1周期,患者呈明显恶液质,自动出院后2个月死亡.例2行后腹腔镜下双肾上腺切除术.肾上腺剖面呈腐肉样,质脆.镜下瘤细胞弥漫分布,呈圆形或多角形,胞质少,核仁明显.免疫组化染色;CD3、CD45RO阳性,CD20.阴性.病理诊断:T细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤.CHOP方案化疗4周期,随访5个月,一般情况良好.结论原发性 上腺淋巴瘤临床罕见,尤其是T细胞型非霍奇金淋巴瘤,手术加化疗或放疗效果优于单一治疗. 碱性磷酸酶(PLAP)阳性.病理诊断:大B细胞恶性淋巴瘤.予CHOP方案(环磷酰胺、表阿霉素、长春新碱及泼尼松)化疗1周期,患者呈明显恶液质,自动出院后2个月死亡.例2行后腹腔镜下双肾上腺切除术.肾上腺剖面呈腐肉样,质脆.镜下瘤细胞弥漫分布,呈圆形或多角形,胞质少,核仁明显.免疫组化染色;C