Preparation of Nanoparticles by Solvent Displacement Using a Novel Recirculation System

Submicron colloidal suspensions of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were prepared by the solvent displacement method, using either the conventional form or a new recirculation device. In the latter case, a process that allows the recirculation of the aqueous phase into a device, providing a continuous flow, is proposed. The influence of the organic solution injection rate and polymer concentration on mean particle size and process yield were studied for both methods. The recirculation rate was also analyzed for the recirculation system. Nanoparticles (NPs) showed mean sizes that ranged from 156 to 381. The smallest particles were obtained when recirculation rate, injection rate and polymer concentration were maximized but at the expense of the yield. The only acceptable yields (83–96%) were obtained at the lowest PCL concentration (2.5% w/v). ANOVA tests (α = 0.05) showed that the variables implicated in the recirculation system significantly affected the mean particle size and the process yield. The entrapment efficiencies of NPs prepared by the conventional method were not significantly different (α = 0.05) from those obtained by the recirculation system.     

碘 131 治疗期间辐射防护方法的研究进展

〔摘 要〕 同位素治疗手段及医学显像技术在医疗科技中发挥着越来越重要的作用，在这一趋势之下，放射性治疗 药物在临床中效果更加明显，同时其应用也变得越来越广泛。但同时还需要意识到，放射性治疗药物的应用，本质上 对于患者及医护工作人员都会产生一定的影响，也就是辐射影响。碘 131 主要在一些甲状腺疾病的治疗中进行应用， 其具备明显的靶向性治疗优势和价值，并且碘 131 还可以用于标记多种化合物，在临床中的肝、胆、肾等器官疾病的 诊断过程中均有运用，为了碘 131 在治疗中的价值和作用得到全面发挥，就需要注重辐射防护方法的应用。本研究针 对碘 131 治疗期间辐射防护方法的研究进展进行了系统研究和分析，目的在于提升碘 131 治疗效果和辐射防护效果。     

RKIP表达下调对宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨脂质体法转染Raf激酶抑制蛋白(RKIP)基因对宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响及RKIP在宫颈癌转移中的作用。方法应用脂质体法,将含有人RKIP基因的反义质粒asRKIP及空白质粒pcDNA3.1(-)分别转染宫颈癌Caski细胞,采用G418筛选出稳定转染的宫颈癌Caski细胞。空白质粒转染后Caski细胞即空白对照细胞命名为Caski-(-),asRKIP转染后Caski细胞分为平行的两组分别命名为Caski-asRKIP#1细胞和Caski-asRKIP#2细胞,应用Western Blotting方法检测各种Caski细胞中RKIP蛋白的表达,建立RKIP表达下调的宫颈癌细胞系(转染细胞系及对照细胞系);采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法、软琼脂集落形成实验和Transwell小室实验检测RKIP表达下调对宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响。结果成功建立了RKIP表达下调的Caski宫颈癌细胞系。Caski-asRKIP#1细胞和Caski-asRKIP#2细胞中RKIP的表达水平明显低于Caski-(-)细胞和Caski细胞,Cas-ki-asRKIP#1和Caski-asRKIP#2细胞的增殖速度比Caski-(-)细胞和Caski细胞快,差异有显著性(t=4.98～6.43,P<0.05);而Caski细胞和Caski-(-)细胞的增殖速度无明显差异(t=1.36,P>0.05)。各组Caski细胞均可以在双层琼脂中增殖形成细胞集落,Caski-asRKIP#1细胞和Caski-asRKIP#2细胞与Caski-(-)细胞、Caski细胞比较,形成的集落大且数目多,差异有统计学意义(F=19.98,P<0.05);Caski-(-)细胞与Caski细胞集落数目比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 RKIP表达下调可能对宫颈癌细胞的增殖具有一定的促进作用。     

Rescate con rituximab en paciente con liquen plano esofágico refractario

Esophageal lichen planus (ELP) is a rare condition with unknown prevalence that can sometimes be underestimated due to the subtle and nonspecific findings of diagnostic workup. Oral lesions rarely extend to the esophageal mucosa, but when they do, the most frequent symptoms are dysphagia and odynophagia. There is often a significant delay in diagnosis and inadequate treatment. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman diagnosed with ELP, successfully treated with rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that depletes CD20+B cells. To our knowledge, this is only the second report of this treatment in ELP.     

Differences in the causes of death of HIV-positive patients in a cohort study by data sources and coding algorithms

OBJECTIVES:: To compare causes of death (CoDs) from two independent sources: National Basic Death File (NBDF) and deaths reported to the Spanish HIV Research cohort [Cohort de adultos con infección por VIH de la Red de Investigación en SIDA CoRIS)] and compare the two coding algorithms: International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) and revised version of Coding Causes of Death in HIV (revised CoDe). METHODS:: Between 2004 and 2008, CoDs were obtained from the cohort records (free text, multiple causes) and also from NBDF (ICD-10). CoDs from CoRIS were coded according to ICD-10 and revised CoDe by a panel. Deaths were compared by 13 disease groups: HIV/AIDS, liver diseases, malignancies, infections, cardiovascular, blood disorders, pulmonary, central nervous system, drug use, external, suicide, other causes and ill defined. RESULTS:: There were 160 deaths. Concordance for the 13 groups was observed in 111 (69%) cases for the two sources and in 115 (72%) cases for the two coding algorithms. According to revised CoDe, the commonest CoDs were HIV/AIDS (53%), non-AIDS malignancies (11%) and liver related (9%), these percentages were similar, 57, 10 and 8%, respectively, for NBDF (coded as ICD-10). When using ICD-10 to code deaths in CoRIS, wherein HIV infection was known in everyone, the proportion of non-AIDS malignancies was 13%, liver-related accounted for 3%, while HIV/AIDS reached 70% due to liver-related, infections and ill-defined causes being coded as HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION:: There is substantial variation in CoDs in HIV-infected persons according to sources and algorithms. ICD-10 in patients known to be HIV-positive overestimates HIV/AIDS-related deaths at the expense of underestimating liver-related diseases, infections and ill defined causes. CoDe seems as the best option for cohort studies.     

三种术式切除非脱垂子宫的临床效果比较

目的:比较腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术(LAVH)与阴式子宫切除术(TVH)及经腹全子宫切除术(TAH)的手术效果。方法:回顾性分析146例全子宫切除术患者的临床资料,比较手术时间、出血量、住院时间、术后镇痛率、肛门恢复排气时间及并发症。结果:LAVH组的手术时间比TVH、TAH组明显延长(P0.05),LAVH、TVH组术后住院日数、镇痛率、肛门恢复排气时间明显少于TAH组(P0.05),而三组患者在术中出血量、手术并发症等方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:微创手术较腹式手术具有创伤小、成功率高、住院时间短、镇痛率低、恢复快等优点,且LAVH能扩大TVH的适应证,值得推广。