AIMS: To study the effect of acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, on glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes treated with diet alone were randomly treated in a double-blind fashion with placebo (n=99) or acarbose (n=93) for 12 months. RESULTS: After 12 months of therapy, there was a statistically significant difference in the change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) (-0.6%) in the acarbose group versus placebo, as well as in the incremental post-prandial glucose values (-2.1 mmol h/l) and mean fasting plasma glucose (-0.7 mmol/l). Although there was no effect of acarbose on insulin release, there was a clear effect of acarbose to decrease relative insulin resistance (-0.8) (HOMA method). In addition, acarbose was generally well tolerated and safe in the elderly; most discontinuations were due to gastrointestinal side effects such as flatulence and diarrhea. There were no cases of hypoglycemia reported, and no clinically relevant changes in laboratory abnormalities or vital signs during the study. CONCLUSIONS: Acarbose improves the glycemic profile and insulin sensitivity in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled on diet alone. 相似文献
Intensive Care Medicine - Data on the benefit or or harmful effects of oxygen level on ischemic reperfusion injuries in cardiac surgery are insufficient. We hypothesized that hyperoxia during... 相似文献
This is an update of the previous 2018 systematic review and meta-analysis of vitamin and mineral supplementation on cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality. New randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses were identified by searching the Cochrane library, Medline, and Embase, and data were analyzed using random effects models and classified by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation approach. This updated review shows similar findings to the previous report for preventive benefits from both folic acid and B vitamins for stroke and has been graded with moderate quality. No effect was seen for the commonly used multivitamins, vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin C, and an increased risk was seen with niacin (with statin) for all-cause mortality. Conclusive evidence for the benefit of supplements across different dietary backgrounds, when the nutrient is sufficient, has not been demonstrated. 相似文献
To date, the controlled preparation of cyclic polymers is mainly achieved using click ligation strategies. The light‐induced Diels–Alder click coupling has recently been shown to function as an attractive catalyst‐free alternative to the copper‐catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition. However, the need for a light emitting system limits its applicability. To overcome this drawback, a sunlight‐induced Diels–Alder reaction as an efficient route for the preparation of cyclic aliphatic polyesters in high yields and purity based on the same chemistry is demonstrated in the present contribution. The versatility and robustness of the proposed strategy against divergent atmospheric conditions is demonstrated. In light of the simplicity of the strategy presented here, it is suggested that the sunlight‐induced Diels–Alder click‐cyclization is a world‐wide transposable process.