Poisoning in children

Drug-induced poisoning of children represents a serious medical as well as a social problem linked both to the fields of prevention and therapy. This paper analyses the occurrence and the causative agents of poisoning cases of children under the age of 15, hospitalized in a children's hospital over a two-year period (1985–1986). 33 Poisoning cases represented 1.7% of all hospitalizations, and 49% thereof were induced by drugs.     

A molecular scheme for the reaction between γ-aminobutyric acid and the most abundant chloride channel on crayfish deep extensor abdominal muscle

Single-channel measurements were performed with the aim of constructing a detailed molecular scheme for the reaction between -aminobutyric acid (GABA) and a chloride channel of crayfish deep extensor abdominal muscle (DEAM). GABA was applied in pulses to outside-out patches of muscle membrane, and, based on the dose-response of the peak currents and of their rise times, a linear model with five binding steps has been proposed. Evaluation of the single-channel kinetics indicated at least three open states. Two of them originate most probably from the fully liganded receptor state and are grouped in mixed bursts due to their different life times. The third one appears independently, outside the bursts, and originates from a lower liganded receptor state. Simulations of the dose-responses and the open time distributions with this model led to a set of rate constants which generated relatively optimal fits.     

Prevalence of Personality Disorders Among Combat Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Many combat veterans with PTSD have co-occurring symptoms of other forms of psychopathology; however, there have been limited studies examining personality disorders among this population. The few extant studies typically have assessed only two or three personality disorders or examined a small sample, resulting in an incomplete picture and scope of comorbidity. This study assessed all DSM-III-R personality disorders in 107 veterans in a specialized, inpatient unit. Using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders, 79.4% of the participants were diagnosed with at least one personality disorder: 29.9% received only one diagnosis, 21.5% had two, 15.9% had three, and 12.1% had four or more. The most frequent single diagnoses were Avoidant (47.2%), Paranoid (46.2%), Obsessive-Compulsive (28.3%), and Antisocial (15.1%) personality disorders.(116B)(116B-2)(323-E112)     

Endometrial volume change during spontaneous menstrual cycles: volumetry by transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound

Objective: At present, only limited data are available on endometrial volume during the menstrual cycle. Most of these studies deal with animal models and use magnetic resonance imaging for volume measuring. The application of three-dimensional ultrasound in endometrial volume estimation is the subject of this study.Setting: Patients visiting the outpatient unit of the division of endocrinology and reproductive medicine of a university hospital.Patient(s): Twenty patients with a history of a normal menstrual cycle were selected.Intervention(s): Ultrasound examinations were performed during a single menstrual cycle in addition to routine laboratory tests.Main Outcome Measure(s): Uterus-endometrial volume ratio.Result(s): Data from 18 patients could be evaluated. In 81 examinations the endometrium volume could be determined. Mean endometrial volume measured by three-dimensional ultrasound was 1.23 cm'. Mean uterus volume was 48.93 cm3. The change of the uterus-endometrial volume ratio showed a good correlation with the day of menstrual cycle. Quadratic regression analysis of volume and cycle length was R² = 0.432.Conclusion(s): Three-dimensional ultrasound allows assessment of volume data of the female internal genitalia. In this study changes of the endometrial volume in menstrual cycles were measured. Additional studies are required to give information on the clinical impact of this new technique of endometrial volume estimation.     

Clinical and electrophysiological findings and long-term outcomes in paediatric patients with critical illness polyneuromyopathy.

BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular weakness in paediatric patients with sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction is increasingly reported. However, many aspects of neuromuscular involvement in critically ill children are not completely understood. As more patients survive the critical illness, an understanding of the long-term outcomes of this condition is needed. AIMS: To describe clinical and electrophysiological features and evaluate the long-term outcomes in critically ill paediatric patients with neuromuscular complications. METHODS: A case series of five critically ill children was observed prospectively for a 1-month period. Selected clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated. Electrophysiological studies were performed during the first week and then 1 month later in order to detect signs of critical illness polyneuromyopathy (CIPM). Patients with neuromuscular involvement completed a 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: Electrophysiological abnormalities were detected in two patients. Flaccid quadriplegia was a clinical presentation. Both children had electromyographic evidence of chronic partial denervation at follow-up, findings indicative of a preceding axonal neuropathy. Marked but incomplete recovery within 1 year after the onset of the disease occured in both patients. With a mild residual functional handicap the health-related quality of life was not significantly impaired (Barthel Index > 80). CONCLUSIONS: In both our patients with CIPM, the long-term clinical outcome is markedly better than we expected when electromyography in the 1-year follow-up demonstrated a persistent severe chronic partial denervation. These findings can have important implications for the management and rehabilitation of paediatric intensive care survivors.     

Sub-Threshold Fabrication of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Diamond-like Nanocomposite Films with IR Femtosecond Pulses

In the paper, we study the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) a-C:H:Si:O films during nanoscale ablation processing at low fluences—below the single-pulse graphitization and spallation thresholds—using an IR fs-laser (wavelength 1030 nm, pulse duration 320 fs, pulse repetition rate 100 kHz, scanning beam velocity 0.04–0.08 m/s). The studies are focused on microscopic analysis of the nanostructured DLN film surface at different stages of LIPSS formation and numerical modeling of surface plasmon polaritons in a thin graphitized surface layer. Important findings are concerned with (i) sub-threshold fabrication of high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL) and low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) under negligible surface graphitization of hard DLN films, (ii) transition from the HSFL (periods of 140 ± 30 and 230 ± 40 nm) to LSFL (period of 830–900 nm) within a narrow fluence range of 0.21–0.32 J/cm², (iii) visualization of equi-field lines by ablated nanoparticles at an initial stage of the LIPSS formation, providing proof of larger electric fields in the valleys and weaker fields at the ridges of a growing surface grating, (iv) influence of the thickness of a laser-excited glassy carbon (GC) layer on the period of surface plasmon polaritons excited in a three-layer system “air/GC layer/DLN film”.     

Intrusion of overerupted molars with temporary anchorage devices before prosthetic reconstruction: A case report

Extraction of teeth without adequate prosthetic rehabilitation frequently can lead to overeruption of opposing teeth, which may cause occlusal disturbances and complicate dental restoration. Equilibration with consequent need of endodontic treatment, surgical intrusion or extraction are often indicated as a remedy in such cases. The article proposes a method of orthodontic intrusion with the use of temporary anchorage devices as a predictable and less invasive option. Important clinical aspects of molar intrusion with respect to surrounding anatomical structures are also discussed.