Neonatal pulmonary flow pattern--a pulsed Doppler echo study.

The pulmonary flow pattern was analysed by pulsed Doppler in 77 normal neonates, at < 48 hours (36 subjects), 49 to 96 hours (25 subjects) and 97 to 148 hours (16 subjects). From the flow velocity spectrum, using an built in computer system, the acceleration time and the ejection time were measured, and the ratio was calculated. This ratio was 0.24 +/- 0.08 in the subjects within 48 hours whereas this ratio was 0.53 +/- 0.11 in the subjects above 97 hours; thus the ratio increased with age. We noticed that the ratio obtained from the pulsed Doppler is useful in assessing the pulmonary vascular status, even in neonates.     

CORRELATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SURFACE ANTIGENS WITH SURVIVAL IN DIFFUSE LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA

The prognostic value of immunophenotyping lymphomas with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Mab) to various lymphoid antigens was assessed by studying 47 cases of diffuse large cell lymphoma. Cell suspensions were analysed by flow cytometry after labelling by indirect immunofluorescence. Thirty-eight cases were demonstrated to be of B cell and nine of T cell phenotype. Univariate analysis demonstrated that survival was significantly longer in patients expressing higher levels of HLA-DR (p=0·01) and normal levels of CD8 (p=0·04) but was not significantly associated with any of the other antigens. Our results support the possible value of HLA-DR in determining the prognosis of patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma.     

Surgery for left ventricular free wall rupture: patch glue repair without extracorporeal circulation.

Left ventricular free wall rupture is a dramatic complication after myocardial infarction. We present our experience with the simple, expedient technique of patch glue repair without extracorporeal circulation. Access is obtained via median sternotomy. Evacuation of blood and haematoma is undertaken and a Goretex patch exceeding the size of infarct is fashioned. The patch is applied to the epicardium using enbrucrilate surgical glue instilled with gentle pressure against the beating heart. We performed this technique on 17 patients from 1993 to 2001, with a operative (30-day) mortality of 23.5% with a post-discharge survival of 85% at 2.2 years.     

Successful management of laryngotracheosophageal cleft through an anterior approach

Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft is an uncommon disease that is difficult to diagnose and treat. Repair of the cleft depends on length and localization of the defect as well as the associated anomalies. A successful repair of a type II cleft is reported in this paper. An anterior split of the larynx and trachea was used and provided excellent exposure and safe repair without injury to the neurovascular structures. This is the best approach and should be used to correct all type II defects.     

Patterns of calcifications and cholangiographic findings in hepatobiliary tuberculosis

The radiologic findings on conventional examinations (plain films and cholangiograms) in a large group of patients with proven hepatobiliary tuberculosis are reviewed. The plain film findings of large chalky and confluent hepatic calcifications or nodal-type calcifications along the course of the common bile duct are suggestive of hepatobiliary tuberculosis. Small, discrete, scattered calcifications may be mimicked by histoplasmosis but can be differentiated from hepatobiliary tuberculosis. Obstructing defects seen on cholangiography are indicative of tuberculosis when adjacent calcifications are present. The patterns of liver calcifications could provide a clue to the diagnosis of hepatobiliary tuberculosis and its differentiation from liver calcifications of various other etiologies.     

Superior mesenteric artery is more important than inferior mesenteric artery in maintaining colonic mucosal perfusion and integrity in rats

Mucosal hemodynamics (by reflectance spectrophotometry) and mucosal damage (by histologic examination) following acute colonic ischemia were evaluated in different anatomic locations in the colon of anesthetized rats. The reflectance spectrophotometer provides an index of mucosal hemoglobin concentration (IHB) and an index of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (ISO₂). The patterns of ischemia without congestion (IHB, ISO₂) during superior mesenteric artery occlusion, and ischemia with congestion (IHB, ISO₂) during portal vein occlusion, previously demonstrated in the stomach and duodenum, are also applicable to the colon. The significant linear correlations between changes (as percent of baseline) in IHB, ISO₂, and hydrogen gas clearance suggest that changes in these indices are adequate indicators of changes in colonic mucosal perfusion. Superior mesenteric artery ligation produced significant reductions in both indices, and an increase in damage in the mucosa of the cecum, transverse colon, splenic flexure, and left colon, but not the rectum. Inferior mesenteric artery ligation produced only slight reduction in these indices and minimal damage only in the mucosa of the splenic flexure. These results support the hypothesis that the superior mesenteric artery is more important than the inferior mesenteric artery in maintaining colonic perfusion and colonic mucosal integrity in the rat.Supported by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Career Development Award (H850208, H870212), Veterans Administration Medical Research Funds; and in part by research grants (0162-01, 0162-02; 0291-01) from the Smokeless Tobacco Research Council, Inc.; and by funds provided by the Cigarette and Tobacco Surtax Fund of the State of California through the Tobacco Related Disease Research Program of the University of California.     

Polypeptide composition of normal and neoplastic human breast tissues and cells analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Summary The protein populations of epithelial cells cultured from two neoplastic and five non-neoplastic human breast tissues were resolved and displayed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silverstaining. With a computer-based image analysis system, we identified eight polypeptides which are present in both of the neoplastic cell lines, but absent from all five of the cultures of non-neoplastic breast cells. The eight polypeptides are not unique to cells cultured from neoplastic breast, because they are also found in cells cultured from non-breast tissues, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic. Two of the eight polypeptides ( M_r 25,000/pI 4.4 and M_r 31,000/pI 5.5) are present in the patterns of whole tissue samples from infiltrating ductal carcinomas and absent in most normal breast tissue.     

Outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated with high-dose immunoglobulin therapy in a prospective case series

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Switching from a restricted to an effective CD4 T cell response by activating CD8+ murine dendritic cells with a Toll-like receptor 9 ligand

Freshly isolated quiescent splenic dendritic cell (DC) subtypes differ in their capacity to activate naive CD4 T cells in culture. The CD8+ DC showed a reduced capacity to stimulate T cell proliferation compared to either of the CD8- DC subsets, regardless of antigen and DC dose. In contrast to CD8- DC, the quiescent CD8+ DC did not induce IFN-gamma production from CD4 T cells. The difference between the DC subtypes appeared to be at the level of initial surface molecule interactions, but could not be attributed to differences in expression of MHC class II or B7 family molecules, or to the expression of Fas ligand on DC. However, when activated by inclusion of the Toll-like receptor 9 ligand CpG in culture, CD8+ DC became potent stimulators of both CD4 T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production. In contrast, similar activation of CD8- DC produced a more modest increase in capacity to stimulate CD4 T cell proliferation and no increase in capacity to stimulate IFN-gamma production. The difference between a quiescent and an activated state is therefore more extreme for CD8+ than for CD8- DC. The especially tight regulation of the activity of CD8+ DC may be essential for the maintenance of self tolerance.