Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes among older women

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relation between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes among older women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Between 1993 and 1997, 16,330 women aged 49-70 years and free from diabetes were enrolled in one of the Dutch Prospect-EPIC (European Prospective Study Into Cancer and Nutrition) cohorts and followed for 6.2 years (range 0.1-10.1). At enrollment, women filled in questionnaires and blood samples were collected. RESULTS: During follow-up, 760 cases of type 2 diabetes were documented. A linear inverse association (P = 0.007) between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes risk was observed, adjusting for potential confounders. Compared with abstainers, the hazard ratio for type 2 diabetes was 0.86 (95% CI 0.66-1.12) for women consuming 5-30 g alcohol per week, 0.66 (0.48-0.91) for 30-70 g per week, 0.91 (0.67-1.24) for 70-140 g per week, 0.64 (0.44-0.93) for 140-210 g per week, and 0.69 (0.47-1.02) for >210 g alcohol per week. Beverage type did not influence this association. Lifetime alcohol consumption was associated with type 2 diabetes in a U-shaped fashion. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the evidence of a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes with moderate alcohol consumption and expand this to a population of older women.     

大网膜脂肪组织中胰岛素受体底物1、葡萄糖转运蛋白4和抵抗素mRNA表达水平与代谢综合征的关系

目的:分析代谢综合征患者大网膜脂肪组织胰岛素受体底物1、葡萄糖转运蛋白4和抵抗素mRNA表达水平及其与代谢综合征相关指标的关系。方法:选择2003-02/08在青岛大学医学院附属医院普通外科及妇科择期手术的患者53例,均知情同意。根据代谢综合征的诊断标准分为两组:①代谢综合征组28例,分为两个亚组:2型糖尿病组13例,非糖尿病组15例。②对照组25例。手术前当天抽取患者空腹血,测定空腹血糖、三酰甘油、空腹胰岛素。手术中取大网膜脂肪组织约200mg,用于RNA提取。采用一步法半定量反转录聚合酶链反应技术,测定患者大网膜脂肪组织中胰岛素受体底物1、葡萄糖转运蛋白4以及抵抗素的mRNA表达水平。结果:代谢综合征组28例,对照组25例患者全部进入结果分析,无脱落。①代谢综合征组患者大网膜脂肪组织胰岛素受体底物1、葡萄糖转运蛋白4mRNA表达均显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素受体底物1mRNA、葡萄糖转运蛋白4mRNA表达显著低于非糖尿病患者(P<0.01)。②代谢综合征组与对照组患者胰岛素受体底物1与葡萄糖转运蛋白4的mRNA表达呈显著正相关(r=0.661,0.621,P<0.01)。③多因素逐步回归分析显示腰臀比与胰岛素抵抗指数及胰岛素受体底物1、葡萄糖转运蛋白4mRNA表达均有明显的相关性。④抵抗素mRNA表达阳性率和表达量在2型糖尿病代谢综合征患者、非糖尿病代谢综合征患者与对照组之间差异均无显著性意义(P=0.121,P=0.228),与腰臀比、体质量指数、胰岛素抵抗指数、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、三酰甘油以及血压均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:代谢综合征患者大网膜脂肪组织胰岛素受体底物1与葡萄糖转运蛋白4mRNA表达明显降低,其中以2型糖尿病患者表现最为显著。大网膜脂肪组织抵抗素mRNA表达与代谢综合征及2型糖尿病无关。胰岛素受体底物1、葡萄糖转运蛋白4的mRNA表达和腰臀比可联合预测胰岛素抵抗的程度。     

丹参酮ⅡA对神经祖细胞系C17．2的保护作用

目的:了解丹参酮ⅡA对神经祖细胞系C17.2的保护作用,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:本实验于2005年起在广州血液中心器官移植配型中心实验室进行。C17.2祖细胞系由澳大利亚新南威尔士大学解剖教研室David Walsh博士惠赠。将C17.2细胞以1×109L-1的密度接种,用含10%胎牛血清IMDM,37℃、体积分数为0.05CO2、饱和湿度的CO2培养箱培养,接近融合的C17.2细胞用含0.1mmol/LEDTA的胰酶室温消化,按1∶3的比例传代。C17.2细胞以5×107L-1的密度接种于96孔板或25cm2的培养瓶中,用含10%胎牛血清IMDM培养过夜后,加入含4g/L AAPH(水溶性偶氮引发剂2,2'-偶氮二(2-脒基丙烷)二盐酸盐)无血清的IMDM培养基培养建立神经细胞凋亡模型。C17.2细胞以5×103/孔的密度接种于96孔板中,用含10%胎牛血清IMDM培养过夜后,加入含4g/LAAPH无血清的IMDM培养基培养。对照组不加入丹参酮ⅡA,实验组分别加入0.02,0.05,0.1,0.2mg/L丹参酮ⅡA培养8h,噻唑蓝法检测细胞活性:细胞活性的相对值=(实验组吸光度值/对照组吸光度值)×100%,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。结果:①AAPH处理8h后,C17.2细胞被过氧化损害,大多数细胞失去正常的形态,细胞呈圆形,脱落。加入丹参酮ⅡA后,细胞形态基本保持正常,少数细胞呈圆形。②C17.2细胞在IMDM的培养液中,细胞数量是含4g/L AAPH无血清的IMDM培养基条件下的2.5～3倍。浓度为0.02,0.05,0.1mg/L的丹参酮ⅡA对C17.2细胞有保护作用,质量浓度大于0.2mg/L丹参酮ⅡA对C17.2细胞保护作用降低。③AAPH作用前大部分C17.2细胞的线粒体完整,有少量的早期凋亡细胞和凋亡细胞,AAPH作用后凋亡细胞总数、凋亡细胞明显增加。丹参酮ⅡA处理组可以明显减少早期凋亡细胞。结论:在体外丹参酮ⅡA对神经细胞具有抗凋亡的作用,可以保护神经细胞。     

Lung tumor-associated derepressed alloantigen coded for by the K region of the H-2 major histocompatibility complex

Transplacental induction of lung tumors in C3HfeB/HeN (C3Hf) strain mice can be readily achieved with the carcinogen 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea. Several of these tumors express, as a tumor-associated transplantation antigen (TATA), a normal tissue alloantigen present in strain A and C3H/HeN (C3H) mice. In the present study it was shown that the tumor-associated alloantigen on the C3Hf-derived lung tumor 85 was present in all mice of H-2(a) and H-2(k) haplotypes tested and in CBA (532) strain mice (H-2(ka) haplotype). Studies using congenic-resistant and recombinant strains of mice indicated that the genetic locus controlling the expression of this antigen was either within or to the left of the H-2K region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Thus the antigen was expressed in B10.A (4R) mice (kkbbbb MHC haplotype) but not in B10 (bbbbbb) or B10.AQR mice (qkkddd). The antigen was expressed in all tissues tested of C3H and A strain mice. It was not detected on any tissue tested including embryo tissue of C3Hf mice or mice of MHC haplotype other than H-2(k) or H-2(a). Because C3Hf strain mice were originally derived from C3H strain mice (H-2(k)), the MHC haplotype of C3Hf mice has been provisionally designated H-2(kb). The finding of a tumor-associated change in the expression of a H-2K region-coded antigen is consistent with the concept that MHC-coded antigens may act as targets for immunological surveillance of tumors.